Philippines
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Adasen
[tiu] Cordillera Administrative Region: northeast Abra province, west Apayao province. Users: 4,000 (NTM). Ethnic population: 10,300 (2010 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Addasen, Addasen Tinguian, Itneg Adasen. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Northern Cordilleran, Cagayan Valley, Isnag.
Agta, Casiguran Dumagat
[dgc] Central Luzon region: Aurora province, Casiguran and Dipaculao municipalities; Cagayan Valley region: Isabela province, Dinapigue municipality; Quirino province, border area. All on central Luzon east coast. Users: 610 (Headland 1989). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Agta Casiguran, Casiguran Agta, Casiguran Dumagat. Autonym: Agta. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Northern Cordilleran, Northeastern Luzon, Northern.
Agta, Central Cagayan
[agt] Cagayan Valley region: Cagayan province inland area, east and northeast from Baggao. Users: 780 (2000). Ethnic population: 820. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Labin Agta. Autonym: Agta. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Northern Cordilleran, Cagayan Valley, Ibanagic, Gaddangic.
Agta, Dicamay
[duy] Cagayan Valley region: Isabela province, Jones municipality. Users: No known L1 speakers. The last speaker died in the 1960s (Headland 2010). Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Dicamay Dumagat. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Northern Cordilleran, Northeastern Luzon, Northern.
Agta, Dupaninan
[duo] Cagayan Valley region: Cagayan and Isabela provinces, south Divilacan bay north to Palaui island. Users: 1,400 (Robinson, L. 2011). Ethnic population: 1,500 (2007 L. Reid). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Dupaningan Agta, East Cagayan Negrito, Eastern Cagayan Agta, Eastern Cagayan Dumagat. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Northern Cordilleran, Northeastern Luzon, Northern.
Agta, Katubung
[agk] Bicol region: Camarines Sur province, Mount Isarog area; Goa, Lagonoy, Ocampo, Sagnay, and Tigaon towns. Users: 12 (2018 I. Imperial). Ethnic population: 1,370 (2018 I. Imperial). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Agta, Inagta Partido, Isarog Agta. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bikol, Coastal, Naga.
Agta, Mt. Iraya
[atl] Bicol region: Camarines Sur province, Buhi area. Users: 150 (Wurm 2000). Ethnic population: 380. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Agta, Inagta of Mt. Iraya, Itbeg Rugnot, Lake Buhi, Rugnot of Lake Buhi East. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bikol, Coastal, Naga.
Agta, Mt. Iriga
[agz] Bicol region: Camarines Sur province, east of Iriga city. Users: 1,500 (1979 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Agta, Lake Buhi West, Mount Iriga Negrito, San Ramon Inagta. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bikol, Inland.
Agta, Pahanan
[apf] Cagayan Valley region: Isabela province east coast, between Divilacan bay and Dinapigue town, inland to San Mariano. Users: 1,700 (2009 J. Lobel), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Palanan Agta. Autonym: Pahanan. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Northern Cordilleran, Northeastern Luzon.
Agta, Umiray Dumaget
[due] Central Luzon and CALABARZON regions: Aurora and Quezon provinces along Philippine Sea coast; Central Luzon region: Bulacan and Nueva Ecija provinces in small border areas inland. Users: 3,000 (1994 SIL), decreasing. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Dumagat-Bulos, Dumaget-Bulus, Umiray Agta, Umirey Dumagat. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Umiray Dumaget.
Agta, Villa Viciosa
[dyg] Cordillera Administrative Region: Abra province. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last speaker probably died by the 1990s (Headland 2010). Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Agta. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian.
Agutaynen
[agn] MIMAROPA region: Palawan province, Brooke’s Point, Roxas, and San Vicente municipalities on Agutaya and 5 surrounding islands; Linapacan, Manila, Mindoro, and Taytay. Users: 15,000 (2007 SIL). Ethnic population: 19,600 (2010 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Agutayano, Agutayno, Agutaynon. Autonym: Agutaynen. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Kalamian.
Aklanon
[akl] Western Visayas region: Aklan province, north Panay island; Antique province, Libertad and Pandan municipalities far north; northwest Capiz province border. Users: 526,000 in Philippines (2010 census). Ethnic population: 559,000 (2010 census). Total users in all countries: 549,600. Status: 4 (Educational). De facto language of provincial identity in Aklan and Capiz provinces. Alternate Names: Akeanon, Aklan, Aklano, Aklanon-Bisayan, Panay. Autonym: Inakeanon. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bisayan, West, Aklan.
Alangan
[alj] MIMAROPA region: Oriental Mindoro province, Naujan and Victoria municipalities, Occidental Mindoro province, Sablayan municipality. Users: 14,600 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 18,100 (2010 census). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Mangyan.
Alta, Northern
[aqn] Central Luzon region: Aurora province, San Luis municipality, Bayanihan area, Diteki river. Users: 250 (Headland 2010). Ethnic population: 400. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Alta, Baler Negrito, Ditaylin Alta, Ditaylin Dumagat, Edimala. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, Alta.
Alta, Southern
[agy] Central Luzon region: Aurora province: San Luis, Aurora; Bulacan province, In Sitio Bato, Kabayunan, Doña Remedios Trinidad town; Nueva Ecija province, Gabaldon and General Tinio towns. Users: 450 (Abreu 2020). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ita, Kaboloan, Kabuluen, Kabuluwan, Kabuluwen. Autonym: Kabulowan. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, Alta.
American Sign Language
[ase] Scattered. Users: Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: ASL. Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language.
Arta
[atz] Cagayan Valley region: Quirino province, Aglipay municipality, Cagayan river area. Users: 11 (2013 Y. Kimoto). 35–45 have some knowledge of the language, but cannot speak properly (2013 Y. Kimoto). Ethnic population: 150. Status: 8a (Moribund). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Arta.
Ata
[atm] Central Visayas region: Negros Oriental province, Mabinay. Users: 3 (Lobel 2013a). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Inata. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine.
Ati
[atk] Western Visayas region: southwest Aklan, west central Capiz, and north and west Iloilo provinces; Antique province border areas east of San Remigio; Panay island. Users: 1,500 (1980 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Inati. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bisayan, Central, Peripheral.
Atta, Faire
[azt] Cagayan Valley region: Cagayan province, Santo Nino municipality, near Faire-Rizal. Users: 300 (Wurm 2000). Ethnic population: 600. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Southern Atta. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Northern Cordilleran, Cagayan Valley, Ibanagic.
Atta, Pamplona
[att] Cagayan Valley region: northwest Cagayan province. Users: 1,000 (1998 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Northern Cagayan Negrito. Autonym: Atta. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Northern Cordilleran, Cagayan Valley, Ibanagic.
Atta, Pudtol
[atp] Cordillera Administrative Region: Apayao province, Pudtol, and Abulog river south of Pamplona. Users: 710 (2000). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Northern Cordilleran, Cagayan Valley, Ibanagic.
Ayta, Abellen
[abp] Central Luzon region: Tarlac province, Capas, Santa Juliana village; San Jose, Maamot village; Mayantoc. Users: 3,000 (2008 SIL), decreasing. 45 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 5,000. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Abenlen, Aburlen Negrito, Aburlin, Ayta Abellen Sambal. Autonym: Abellen, Ayta Abellen. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central Luzon, Sambalic.
Ayta, Ambala
[abc] Central Luzon region: Bataan province, Dinalupinan municipality; Zambales province, Castillejos, San Marcelino and Subic municipalities, Olongapo City. Users: 1,660 (1986 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,740 (2010 census). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ambala Agta, Ambala Sambal. Autonym: Ayta Ambala. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central Luzon, Sambalic.
Ayta, Mag-antsi
[sgb] Central Luzon region: Pampanga province, Angeles City, Mabalacat City, Porac municipality; Tarlac province, Bamban and Capas municipalities; Zambales province, Olongapo City, Castillejos and San Marcelino municipalities. Users: 8,200 (1992 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Anchi, Antsi, Mag-Anchi Ayta, Mag-Anchi Sambal. Autonym: Ayta Mag-Antsi. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central Luzon, Sambalic.
Ayta, Mag-Indi
[blx] Central Luzon region: Pampanga province, barrios in Floridablanca and Porac; Zambales province, San Marcelino. Users: 5,000 (1998 SIL), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Ayta, Indi, Indi Ayta, Mag-Indi Sambal. Autonym: Ayta Mag-Indi. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central Luzon, Sambalic.
Ayta, Magbukun
[ayt] Central Luzon region: Bataan province, Mariveles. Users: 1,000 (2011 SIL). Ethnic population: 2,000 (2011). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bataan Ayta, Bataan Sambal, Magbikin, Magbukun Ayta, Mariveles Ayta, Mariveleño. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central Luzon, Sambalic.
Ayta, Sorsogon
[ays] Bicol region: Sorsogon province, Prieto Diaz municipality. Users: 15 (Wurm 2000). Ethnic population: 180. Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine.
Bagobo-Klata
[bgi] Davao region: Davao del Sur province, east slopes of Mount Apo; Davao City. Users: 58,500 (2005 UNSD). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Bagobo, Bagobo-Guiangga, Clata, Diangan, Giangan, Guanga, Gulanga, Jangan, Klata. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Bilic.
Balangao
[blw] Cordillera Administrative Region: Kalinga province, Tanudan municipality; central Mountain province. Users: 11,500 (2005 UNSD), decreasing. No monolinguals. Ethnic population: 17,100 (2010 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Balangao Bontoc, Balangaw, Farangao. Autonym: Finarangao. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Central Cordilleran, North Central Cordilleran, Nuclear Cordilleran, Balangaw.
Bangon
[bnj] MIMAROPA region: Mindoro Occidental province; Mindoro Oriental province border area. Users: 1,130 (2002 UNSD). Ethnic population: 8,560 (2010 census). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Barangan, Batangan, Binatangan, Eastern Tawbuid, Fanawbuid, Suri, Tabuid, Taubuid, Tiron. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, South Mangyan, Buhid-Taubuid.
Bantayanon
[bfx] Central Visayas region: Cebu province, Bantayan and surrounding islands. Users: 71,600 (2007 J. Lobel). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bisayan, Central.
Bantoanon
[bno] MIMAROPA region: Romblon province. Users: 75,000 (2011 Governor’s Office, Romblon Province), decreasing. 500 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 75,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Asiq, Binisaya, Bisaya. Autonym: Asi, Bantoanon. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bisayan, Banton.
Basque
[eus] Major cities and towns, especially in Negros, Panay and Cebu. Users: Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Euskara. Classification: Language isolate.
Batak
[bya] MIMAROPA region: Palawan province, central Palawan island, Sulu sea coast, southwest from Malcampo toward Puerto Princesa. Users: 360 (2005 UNSD), decreasing. Ethnic population: 4,720 (2010 census). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Babuyan, Palawan Batak, Tinitianes. Autonym: Batak. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Palawanic.
Baybayanon
[bvy] Eastern Visayas region: Leyte island, Baybay town in Pangasugan river area, Gabas, Guadalupe (Utod), Kilim, Pangasugan, and Patag villages. Users: 10,000 (2009 J. Lobel). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Leyte, Utudnon. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bisayan, Central, Warayan.
Bikol
Bikol, Buhi’non
[ubl] Bicol region: Camarines Sur province, Buhi town. Users: 73,600 (2009 SIL). Speakers of all Bikol languages: 3,890,000 (2005 UNSD). No monolinguals. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bikol Buhi, Boie’nen, Boînan, Buhi, Buhi’non, Buhi-non. Autonym: Bikol-Boînën, Boînën. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bikol, Inland.
Bikol, Central
[bcl] Bicol region: west Albay province, Legapi area; Camarines Norte province, Philippine Sea from east coast marshes to Mandao, San Miguel bay; Camarines Sur province, San Miguel bay area, Ragay gulf, Caramoan peninsula to Lagonay gulf; southwest third of Catanduanes province; Masbate province, Burias and Ticao islands; north Sorsogon province, Sorsogon bay mouth, inland; CALABARZON region: east tip of Quezon province. Users: 2,500,000 (1990 census), increasing. Speakers of all Bikol languages: 3,890,000 (2005 UNSD). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Statutory language of provincial identity in Camarines Norte, 4 other provinces (1991, ACFLC Section 3(f)). Alternate Names: Bicol, Bicol-Naga, Bicolano, Bikol Naga, Bikolano, Bikolnon, Central Bicolano, Coastal Bikol. Autonym: Bikol. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bikol, Coastal, Naga.
Bikol, Libon
[lbl] Bicol region: Albay province, Libon town. Users: 68,800 (2009 SIL). Speakers of all Bikol languages: 3,890,000 (2005 UNSD). No monolinguals. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Libongeño. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bikol, Inland.
Bikol, Miraya
[rbl] Bicol region: Albay province, Camalig, Daraga, Guinobatan, and Jovellar towns; Sorsogon province, Donsol town. Users: 300,000 (2009 SIL). Speakers of all Bikol languages: 3,890,000 (2005 UNSD). No monolinguals. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bikol, Daraga, Miraya. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bikol, Inland.
Bikol, Northern Catanduanes
[cts] Bicol region: Catanduanes province, Bato, Caramonan, Pandan, Panganiban, and Viga. Users: 77,500 (2000 census). Speakers of all Bikol languages: 3,890,000 (2005 UNSD). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Northern Catanduanes Bicolano, Pandan, Pandan Bikol. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bikol, Pandan.
Bikol, Rinconada
[bto] Bicol region: Camarines Sur province, Rinconada district, Baao, Balatan, Bato, Buhi, Bula, Iriga city, and Nabua municipalities. Users: 385,000 (2010 census), increasing. Speakers of all Bikol languages: 3,890,000 (2005 UNSD). 2,300 monolinguals. Monolingual speakers are elderly; boast of their identity as Rinconada. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bicol-Rinconada, Bikol-Rinconada, Iriga Bicolano, Riŋkonāda, Rinconada, Rinconada Bicolano. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bikol, Inland, Iriga.
Bikol, Southern Catanduanes
[bln] Bicol region: Catanduanes province, southern municipalities of Baras, Bato, Gigmoto, San Andres, San Miguel, and Virac. Users: 135,000 (2000 census). Speakers of all Bikol languages: 3,890,000 (2005 UNSD). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Coastal-Virac Bikol, Southern Catanduanes Bikolano, Virac. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bikol, Coastal, Virac.
Bikol, West Albay
[fbl] Bicol region: Albay province, Ligao, Oas, Pio Duran, and Polangui towns. Users: 260,000 (2009 SIL). Speakers of all Bikol languages: 3,890,000 (2005 UNSD). No monolinguals. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bicol, Bikol, Ligaoeño, Oasnun, Oasnün, Polanguinon. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bikol, Inland.
Binukid
[bkd] Northern Mindanao region: north Bukidnon province and northeast Lanao del Norte provinces; Misamis Oriental province, Cagayan de Oro including southwest of Gingoog bay; Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao: Lanao del Sur province, small border strip. Users: 122,000 (2005 UNSD). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Binokid, Binukid Manobo, Bukidnon. Autonym: Binukid. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Manobo, North.
Binukidnon, Northern
[kyn] Central Visayas region: Negros Occidental province, Kabankalan. Users: 15,100 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Karolanos. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine.
Binukidnon, Southern
[mtw] Central Visayas region: Negros Oriental province, Bayawan, Santa Catalina, Siaton, upper Tayaban, and Tanjag municipalities; Mount Arniyo near Bayawan. Users: 7,570 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bukidnon, “Magahat” (pej.). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine.
Blaan, Koronadal
[bpr] Davao region: Davao del Sur province; Soccsksargen region: Sarangani and South Cotabato (east) provinces; Sultan Kudarat province, Lutayan area. Users: 150,000 (2007 SIL). 40,000 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Baraan, Bilanes, Biraan, Blaan, Koronadal Bilaan, Tagalagad. Autonym: Koronadal B’laan. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Bilic, Blaan.
Blaan, Sarangani
[bps] Davao region: Davao del Sur province, across from north Sarangani border; Soccsksargen region: Sarangani province; South Cotabato province, General Santos and north. Users: 90,800 (2000). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Balud, Bilaan, Sarangani Blaan, Tumanao. Autonym: Blaan. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Bilic, Blaan.
Bogkalot
[ilk] Cagayan Valley region: south Nueva Vizcaya province; Quirino province, Nagtipunan area. Users: 5,710 (2010 census), decreasing. Ethnic population: 14,600 (2010 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bugkalot, Bugkalut, Bukalot, Ilongot, Lingotes. Autonym: Bogkalot. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Southern Cordilleran, Ilongot.
Bolinao
[smk] Ilocos region: west Pangasinan province, Anda and Bolinao municipalities. Users: 56,200, all users. L1 users: 51,200 (2007 census), decreasing. L2 users: 5,000. 510 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 104,000 (2007). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bino-Bolinao, Binubolinao, Binubulinao, Boliano, Bolinao Sambal, Bolinao Zambal, Bulinaw, Sambal Bolinao. Autonym: Binobolinao. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central Luzon, Sambalic.
Bontok
Bontok, Central
[lbk] Cordillera Administrative Region: Mountain province, Bontoc municipality, Bontoc ili, Caluttit, Dalican, Guina-ang, Ma-init, Maligcong, Samoki, and Tocucan villages. Users: 19,600 (2007 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Bontoc, Bontoc Igorot, Central Bontoc, Kali. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Central Cordilleran, North Central Cordilleran, Nuclear Cordilleran, Bontok-Kankanay, Bontok.
Bontok, Eastern
[ebk] Cordillera Administrative Region: east Mountain province, Barlig municipality, Barlig, Kadaklan, and Lias villages. Users: 6,170 (2007 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Eastern Bontoc, Finallig, Southern Bontoc. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Central Cordilleran, North Central Cordilleran, Nuclear Cordilleran, Bontok-Kankanay, Bontok.
Bontok, Northern
[rbk] Cordillera Administrative Region: north Mountain province, Sadanga municipality, Anabel, Bekigan, Belwang, Betwagan, Demang, Sacasacan, Saclit, and the municipal center, Sadanga Poblacion; some in south Kalinga province. Users: 9,700 (2007 census). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Bontoc, Central Bontoc, Northern Bontoc. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Central Cordilleran, North Central Cordilleran, Nuclear Cordilleran, Bontok-Kankanay, Bontok.
Bontok, Southern
[obk] Cordillera Administrative Region: Mountain province, south of Bontoc municipality, Bayyo, Can-eo, and Talubin towns. Users: 2,760 (2007 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bontoc, Southern Bontoc. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Central Cordilleran, North Central Cordilleran, Nuclear Cordilleran, Bontok-Kankanay, Bontok.
Bontok, Southwestern
[vbk] Cordillera Administrative Region: Mountain province, Bontoc municipality, Alab, Balili, Gonogon and villages in Chico river valley, southwest of Bontoc municipal capital. Users: 2,470 (2007 census). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Bontoc. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Central Cordilleran, North Central Cordilleran, Nuclear Cordilleran, Bontok-Kankanay, Bontok.
Buhid
[bku] MIMAROPA region: Mindoro Occidental and Mindoro Oriental provinces, remote central highlands. Users: 11,600 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 12,700 (2010 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Bangon, Batangan, Buhid-Mangyan, Bukil. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, South Mangyan, Buhid-Taubuid.
Butuanon
[btw] Caraga region: Agusan del Norte province, Butuan city. Users: 71,500 (2005 UNSD). Status: 7 (Shifting). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bisayan, South, Butuan-Tausug.
Caluyanun
[clu] Western Visayas region: Aklan province, Caluya Islands northwest. Users: 30,000 (1994 SIL). Very few monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Caluyanen, Caluyanhon, Caluyanon. Autonym: Caluyanun. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bisayan, West.
Capiznon
[cps] Western Visayas region: Capiz province on northeast Panay island; Iloilo province, Balasan. Users: 639,000 (2000). Ethnic population: 710,000 (2010 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Capisano, Capiseño, Capizeño. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bisayan, Central, Peripheral.
Cebuano
[ceb] Widespread; Bicol region: south Masbate province; parts of Mindanao; throughout the Visayas regions. Users: 15,900,000 in Philippines (2005 UNSD). Total users in all countries: 15,942,480. Status: 3 (Wider communication). Statutory language of provincial identity in Cebu Province, 4 other areas (1991, ACFLC Section 3(f)). Alternate Names: Bisaya, Sebuano, Sugbuanon, Sugbuhanon, Visayan. Autonym: Binisaya. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bisayan, Cebuan.
Chavacano
[cbk] Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindinao: Basilan province; Zamboanga Peninsula region: Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, and Zamboanga Sibugay provinces; scattered in Alicia, Buug, Cotabato city, Ipil, Isabela, Kabasalan, Lamitan, Lapuyan, Malamawi, Malangas, Maluso, Margosatubig, Siay, and Tungawan; Cavite, Ermita, and Ternate near Manila. Users: 431,000 (2005 UNSD). 37,553 Caviteño Chavacano, 22,221 Cotabato Chavacano, 55,400 Davao Chavacano, 4,698 Ternateño Chavacano, 311,066 Zamboangeño Chavacano (2005 UNSD). Ethnic population: 427,000 (2010 census). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Chabacano, Chabakano. Autonym: Chavacano. Classification: Creole, Spanish based.
Chinese, Mandarin
[cmn] Major cities. Users: 500 in Philippines. Ethnic population: All ethnic Chinese are 53,300 (1990 census). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese.
Chinese, Min Nan
[nan] Widespread in Manila and other cities. Users: 1,000,000 in Philippines (2010 J. Leclerc). 99% of Chinese population in the Philippines (1982). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Banlamgi, Min Nan. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese.
Chinese, Yue
[yue] National Capital Region: Manila. Users: 9,780 in Philippines (2000). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese.
Cuyonon
[cyo] MIMAROPA region: Palawan coast, Cuyo Islands between Palawan and Panay. Users: 189,000 (2010 J. Leclerc). Ethnic population: 278,000 (2010 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Cuyo, Cuyono, Cuyunon, Kuyonon, Kuyunon, Visayan. Autonym: Cuyonon. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bisayan, West, Kuyan.
Davawenyo
[daw] Davao region: Davao Oriental and Davao del Sur provinces. Users: 154,000 (2005 UNSD). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Davaoeño, Davaweño, Matino. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Mansakan, Davawenyo.
Dumagat, Remontado
[agv] CALABARZON region: Laguna province, Santa Maria municipality; Quezon province, General Nakar, Paimohuan; Rizal province, Santa Inez. Users: 2,530 (2000). Ethnic population: 2,180 (2010 census). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Hatang-Kayey, Hatang-Kayi, Remontado Agta, Sinauna, Sinauna Tagalog. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central Luzon, Sinauna.
English
[eng] Widespread. Users: 52,163,000 in Philippines, all users. L1 users: 163,000 in Philippines (2020). L2 users: 52,000,000 (2020). Status: 1 (National). Statutory national working language (1987, Constitution, Article 14(7)). Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English.
Eskayan
[esy] Central Visayas region: Bohol province, Biabas, Cadapdapan, Canta-ub, Lundag, and Taytay villages. Users: 500, all users. L1 users: No known L1 speakers. L2 users: 500 (2013 P. Kelly). Ethnic population: 2,290 (2010 census). Status: 9 (Dormant). Alternate Names: Bisayan Declarado, Bisayan Diklaradu, Bisayan-Eskaya, Eskaya’, Ineskaya, Iniskaya, Iskaya’. Classification: Mixed language, Cebuano-Spanish-English.
Filipino
[fil] Widespread. Users: Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (1987, Constitution, Article 14(6)), not used in all official domains. Alternate Names: Pilipino, Wikang Filipino. Autonym: Filipino. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Tagalog.
Filipino Sign Language
[psp] Scattered. Users: 540,000 (2021 DBS/DOOR/SIL). Estimated 325,000–650,000 deaf signers, assuming 0.3%–0.5% of the total population. Another estimate: 121,000 (2008 WFD). Status: 5 (Developing). Recognized language (2018, Republic Act, No. 11106), Recognized as the national sign language of the deaf, with a mandate for use in education, the courts, public services, broadcast media, and workplaces, and standards for the interpreting profession. Alternate Names: FSL, Local Sign Language, Philippine Sign Language. Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language.
Ga’dang
[gdg] Cordillera Administrative Region: Ifugao province, Potia; Kalinga province, Tabuk city; Mountain province, Paracelis. Users: 6,000 (2002 SIL). Very few monolinguals. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Baliwon, Gaddang, Ginabwal. Autonym: Ga’dang. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Northern Cordilleran, Cagayan Valley, Ibanagic, Gaddangic.
Gaddang
[gad] Cordillera Administrative Region: Ifugao province, north of Magat reservoir; Cagayan Valley region: Isabela province, small group in Tuboc area on Cagayan river middle branch; Nueva Vizcaya province, Bagabag, Bayombong, and Solano municipalities. Users: 30,300 (2005 UNSD). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Cagayan. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Northern Cordilleran, Cagayan Valley, Ibanagic, Gaddangic.
Hanunoo
[hnn] MIMAROPA region: Mindoro Occidental province, from Ilin island inland; Mindoro Oriental province, north from San Pedro. Users: 25,100 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 32,100 (2010 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Hanonoo, Hanunoo-Mangyan, Mangyan, minaŋyan. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, South Mangyan, Hanunoo.
Higaonon
[mba] Caraga region: Agusan del Norte province, south of Butuan city; northwest Agusan del Sur province, Butuan river basin. Users: 30,000 (1996 NTM). Ethnic population: 338,000 (2010 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Higaonon Manobo, Hinigaunon, Misamis Higaonon Manobo. Autonym: Higaunon. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Manobo, North.
Hiligaynon
[hil] Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao: Maguindanao province, small border area south of Timbangan; Bicol region: Masbate province, Jintotolo peninsula, south of Panguiranan; Central Visayas region: most of Negros Occidental province; Negros Oriental province, Basay, Bayawan, and Canlaon municipalities; SOCCSKSARGEN region: North Cotabato province west of Lake Buluan; South Cotabato province towards Bayabas; east and west central Sultan Kudarat province; Western Visayas region: west and central Capiz province, and Guimaras island; Iloilo province, Iloilo city northeast along Guimaras strait to Binon-an, nearby islands. Users: 6,240,000 in Philippines (2005 UNSD). Ethnic population: 7,770,000 (2010 census). Total users in all countries: 6,246,880. Status: 3 (Wider communication). Statutory language of provincial identity in Iloilo, 4 other provinces (1991, ACFLC Section 3(f)). Alternate Names: Hiligainon, Illogo. Autonym: Hiligaynon, Ilonggo. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bisayan, Central, Peripheral.
Hindi
[hin] Users: 4,400 in Philippines (2020 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Western Hindi, Hindustani.
I-wak
[iwk] Cordillera Administrative Region: Benguet province, east Itogon municipality, Bakes, Bujasjas, Domolpos, Kayo-ko, Lebeng, and Tojongan villages; Cagayan Valley region: Nueva Vizcaya province, Kayapa municipality, Salaksak village. Users: 2,570 (2005 UNSD). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Iwaak. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Southern Cordilleran, West Southern Cordilleran, Nuclear Southern Cordilleran, Ibaloy.
Ibaloi
[ibl] Cagayan Valley region: west Nueva Vizcaya province; Cordillera Administrative Region: central and south Benguet province; Ilocos region: La Union province, Pugo and Burgos municipalities; Pangasinan province, Bugallon, Mabini, Infanta, San Manuel, San Nicolas, and Sual municipalities. Users: 116,000 (2005 UNSD). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Benguet-Igorot, Ibadoy, Ibaloy, Igodor, Nabaloi. Autonym: Inibaloi. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Southern Cordilleran, West Southern Cordilleran, Nuclear Southern Cordilleran, Ibaloy.
Ibanag
[ibg] Cagayan Valley region: Cagayan and Isabela provinces. Users: 277,000 (2005 UNSD). Ethnic population: 403,000 (2010 census). Status: 4 (Educational). De facto language of provincial identity in Cagayan and Isabela provinces. Alternate Names: Ibanak, Ybanag. Autonym: Ibanag. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Northern Cordilleran, Cagayan Valley, Ibanagic.
Ibatan
[ivb] Cagayan Valley region: Cagayan province, Aparri municipality on Fuga island, Calayan municipality; on Babuyan islands. Users: 1,240 (2007 NCIP). No monolinguals. Ethnic population: 2,430 (2010 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Babuyan, Ibataan, Ivatan. Autonym: Ibatan. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Bashiic, Ivatan.
Ifugao, Amganad
[ifa] Cordillera Administrative Region: Ifugao province, Banaue and Hungduan municipalities; southwest Mountain province. Users: 27,100 (2000 SIL). 185,000 all Ifugao (2005 UNSD). 10,000 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Amganad, Amganad Ifugao, Central Ifugao, Ifugao, Ifugaw. Autonym: Ipugaw. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Central Cordilleran, North Central Cordilleran, Nuclear Cordilleran, Ifugaw.
Ifugao, Batad
[ifb] Cordillera Administrative Region: central Ifugao province; Cagayan Valley region: Isabela province, Magat reservoir eastern shore. Users: 10,100 (2002 UNSD). 185,000 all Ifugao (2005 UNSD). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Ayangan Ifugao, Batad, Ifugaw. Autonym: Ipugaw. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Central Cordilleran, North Central Cordilleran, Nuclear Cordilleran, Ifugaw.
Ifugao, Mayoyao
[ifu] Cordillera Administrative Region: Ifugao province, Aguinaldo, Alfonso Lista, and north Mayoyao municipalities; Mountain province, 2 small border areas. Users: 30,000 (2007 SIL). 185,000 all Ifugao (2005 UNSD). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Ifugaw, Mayaoyaw, Mayayao Ifugao, Mayoyao. Autonym: Ipugaw. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Central Cordilleran, North Central Cordilleran, Nuclear Cordilleran, Ifugaw.
Ifugao, Tuwali
[ifk] Cordillera Administrative Region: south Ifugao province. Users: 30,000 (2000 SIL), increasing. 185,000 all Ifugao (2005 UNSD). Only those below grade-school age are monolingual. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Gilipanes, Ifugaw, Kiangan Ifugao, Quiangan. Autonym: Ipugaw, Tuwali. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Central Cordilleran, North Central Cordilleran, Nuclear Cordilleran, Ifugaw.
Ilocano
[ilo] Widespread; Ilocos region: La Union and Ilocos provinces; Cagayan Valley region: Babuyan islands; Mindoro, Mindanao areas. Users: 6,370,000 in Philippines (2005 UNSD). Ethnic population: 8,070,000 (2010 census). Total users in all countries: 6,482,100. Status: 3 (Wider communication). Statutory language of provincial identity in northwest Luzon Island, other areas (1991, ACFLC Section 3(f)). Alternate Names: Iloko. Autonym: Ilokano. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Ilocano.
Inabaknon
[abx] Eastern Visayas region: Northern Samar province, San Bernardino strait, Capul island, east to San Isidro island; Manila. Users: 26,400 (2010 M. Jacobson). Population increases 300–500 yearly. About 500 leave annually to find opportunities elsewhere. 3,000 monolinguals. Almost all children. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Abaknon, Abaknon Sama, Capuleño, Kapul, Sama, Sama Abaknon. Autonym: Inabaknon. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, Sama-Bajaw, Abaknon.
Inagta Alabat
[dul] CALABARZON region: eastern Quezon province, Alabat and Lopez towns. Users: 10 (2018 L. Zubiri). Ethnic population: 160 (2019 L. Zubiri). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Agta, Alabat Island Agta, Alabat Island Dumagat, Inagta, Inagta Alabat Agta. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Umiray Dumaget.
Indonesian
[ind] Users: 2,580 in Philippines (1990 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Malayo-Chamic, Malayic, Malay.
Inonhan
[loc] MIMAROPA region: Mindoro Occidental and Mindoro Oriental provinces; Romblon province, south Tablas island. Users: 85,800 (2000). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Bisaya-Inunhan, Loocnon, Looknon, Onhan, “Unhan” (pej.). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bisayan, West, North Central.
Iranun
[ilp] Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao: Maguindanao province, Barida, Buidon, Parang, Sultan Kudarat, and Sultan Mastera municipalities; Lanao del Sur province, southeast tip; Northern Mindanao region: Bukidnon province, Kalilangan municipality; Soccsksargen region: North Cotabato province, Alamada, Banasilan, Carmen, Libungan, and Pigcawayan municipalities. Users: 241,000 (2015 S. Conklin). Ethnic population: 270,000 (2010 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ilanun, Illanun. Autonym: Iranun. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Danao, Maranao-Iranon.
Iraya
[iry] MIMAROPA region: Mindoro Occidental province, Abra de Ilog, northern Mamburao, Paluan, and Santa Cruz municipalities; Mindoro Oriental province, Puerto Galera and San Teadoro municipalities. Users: 10,000 (1991 OMF). Ethnic population: 28,600 (2010 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Iraya Mangyan. Autonym: Iraya. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Mangyan.
Isinay
[inn] Cagayan Valley region: Nueva Vizcaya province, Aritao, Bambang, and Dupax Del Sur municipalities. Users: 5,360 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 14,200 (2010 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Inmeas, Isinai. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Central Cordilleran, Isinai.
Isnag
[isd] Cagayan Valley region: Cagayan province, Claveria and Santa Praxedes municipalites; Cordillera Administrative Region: Abra province, scattered along west Apayao province border; Apayao province northern two-thirds; Ilocos region: Ilocos Norte province, scattered along west Apayao border. Users: 32,600 (2005 UNSD). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Apayao, Isneg, Maragat. Autonym: Isnag. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Northern Cordilleran, Cagayan Valley, Isnag.
Itawit
[itv] Cordillera Administrative Region: Apayao province, Conner municipality; Cagayan Valley region: south central Cagayan province. Users: 189,000 (2005 UNSD). 171,000 Itawis and 18,000 Malaueg (2005 UNSD). Ethnic population: 253,000 (2010 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Itawes, Itawis, Tawit. Autonym: Itawit. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Northern Cordilleran, Cagayan Valley, Ibanagic.
Itneg, Binongan
[itb] Cordillera Administrative Region: Abra province, Licuan-Baay. Users: 7,500 (2003 SIL). 61,500 in all Itneg varieties (2005 UNSD). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tingguian, Tinguian. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Central Cordilleran, North Central Cordilleran, Kalinga-Itneg, Itneg.
Itneg, Inlaud
[iti] Cordillera Administrative Region: Abra province, a few villages in Danglas, Lagangilang, Langiden, and Penarubia municipalities; Ilocos region: Ilocos Norte province, Nueva Era municipality; Ilocos Sur province, Cabugao, San Juan, Magsingal, Santo Domingo, and Nagbukel municipalities. Users: 9,000 (2003 SIL). 61,500 in all Itneg varieties (2005 UNSD). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Inlaod, Inlaod Itneg, Inlaud Itneg, Tinggian, Tinguian. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Central Cordilleran, North Central Cordilleran, Kalinga-Itneg, Itneg.
Itneg, Maeng
[itt] Cordillera Administrative Region: south Abra province, Luba, Tubo, and Villavisciosa municipalities. Users: 18,000 (2003 SIL). 61,500 in all Itneg varieties (2005 UNSD). Ethnic population: 18,000. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Luba-Tiempo Itneg, Southern Itneg. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Central Cordilleran, North Central Cordilleran, Kalinga-Itneg, Itneg.
Itneg, Masadiit
[tis] Cordillera Administrative Region: Abra province, Boliney, Bucloc, and Sallapadan municipalities; Kalinga province, western border. Users: 7,500. 61,500 in all Itneg varieties (2005 UNSD). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Central Cordilleran, North Central Cordilleran, Kalinga-Itneg, Itneg.
Itneg, Moyadan
[ity] Cordillera Administrative Region: Abra province, Moyadan municipality. Users: 12,000 (2003 SIL). 61,500 in all Itneg varieties (2005 UNSD). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Tinggian, Tinguian. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Central Cordilleran, North Central Cordilleran, Kalinga-Itneg, Itneg.
Ivatan
[ivv] Cagayan Valley region: Batanes province; MIMAROPA region: Palawan province. Many scattered in Mindanao; Manila. Users: 35,000 (1998 SIL), increasing. 3,450 Itbayatan (1996 census). Status: 4 (Educational). De facto language of provincial identity in Batanes province. Alternate Names: Ivatanen. Autonym: Chirin nu Ibatan. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Bashiic, Ivatan.
Japanese
[jpn] Users: 2,900 in Philippines (1990 census). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Japonic.
Kagayanen
[cgc] CALABARZON region: Quezon and Rizal provinces; Central Visayas region: Negros Occidental province, Silay city; MIMAROPA region: Palawan province, Cagayan island between Negros and Palawan; Palawan coastal communities; north Palawan, Busuanga and Coron municipalities; south Palawan, Balabac island; National Capital Region; Western Visayas region: Iloilo province. Users: 30,000 (2007 SIL), increasing. Few monolinguals. Ethnic population: 64,300 (2010 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Cagayano, Kagay-anen, Kinagayanen. Autonym: Kagayanen. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Manobo, North.
Kalagan
[kqe] Davao region: Davao del Sur province, southwest of Davao city, inland along coast; Compostela Valley and Davao del Norte provinces, Samal and nearby islands, and inland on Davao gulf eastern shores; Davao Oriental province, highlands; Soccsksargen region: north Cotabato province. Western dialect: Davao region: Davao del Sur province (near Digos, Hagonoy), along the Western shore of the Davao Gulf; Davao City; Compostela Valley and Davao del Norte provinces, towards Tagum and all the way to Lupon. Eastern dialect: Davao Oriental province. Users: 70,000 (2021 SIL), decreasing. 7,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 68,400 (2010 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kaagan, Kinalagan, Minuslim Kalagan. Autonym: Kagan, Kalagan. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Mansakan, Western.
Kalagan, Kagan
[kll] Davao region: Davao del Sur province, near Digos city. Users: 500 (2005 UNSD). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kaagan, Kagan, Kagan Kalagan. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Mansakan, Western.
Kalanguya
[kak] Cagayan Valley region: Benguet province, Bokod municipality; western Nueva Vizcaya province; Cordillera Administrative Region: Ifugao province, Hungduan municipality; Ilocos region: Pangasinan province, San Nicolas municipality. Users: 100,000 (2010), increasing. census. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Ahin-Kayapa Kalanguya, Ikalahan, Kalangoya, Kalangoya-Ikalahan, Kayapa Kallahan. Autonym: Kalanguya. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Southern Cordilleran, West Southern Cordilleran, Nuclear Southern Cordilleran, Kallahan.
Kalinga, Butbut
[kyb] Cordillera Administrative Region: Kalinga province, Tinglayan municipality, Bugnay, Buscalan, Butbut Proper, Loccong, and Ngibat villages; Tabuk City, Dinongsay, Ileb, Kataw, Lacnog, and Pakak villages; Rizal municipality, Andaraya, Anonang, Bua, and Malapiat villages. Users: 15,000 (2008), increasing. 113,000 all Kalinga (2005 UNSD). 1,000 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Butbut, Kalinga Butbut. Autonym: Butbut Kalinga. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Central Cordilleran, North Central Cordilleran, Kalinga-Itneg, Kalinga.
Kalinga, Limos
[kmk] Cordillera Administrative Region: Apayao province, Conner municipality; Kalinga province, Tabuk city, north to border. Users: 12,700 (2007 census), increasing. 113,000 all Kalinga (2005 UNSD). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Limos-Liwan Kalinga, Northern Kalinga. Autonym: Linimos. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Central Cordilleran, North Central Cordilleran, Kalinga-Itneg, Kalinga.
Kalinga, Lubuagan
[knb] Cordillera Administrative Region: Kalinga province, Lubuagan municipality and Tabuk city; Baguio city; National Capital Region: Manila. Users: 30,000 (2008 V. Dumatog), increasing. 113,000 all Kalinga (2005 UNSD). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Lubuagan. Autonym: Lilubuagen. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Central Cordilleran, North Central Cordilleran, Kalinga-Itneg, Kalinga.
Kalinga, Mabaka Valley
[kkg] Cordillera Administrative Region: Apayao province, Conner municipality; western Abra and northern Kalinga provinces. Users: Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kal-Uwan, Mabaka, Mabaka Itneg. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Central Cordilleran, North Central Cordilleran, Kalinga-Itneg, Kalinga.
Kalinga, Majukayang
[kmd] Cordillera Administrative Region: southeast Kalinga province, Tabuk City; Mountain province, Paracelis municipality. Users: 1,500 (1990 SIL), increasing. 113,000 all Kalinga (2005 UNSD). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Madukayang Kalinga, Majukayong. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Central Cordilleran, North Central Cordilleran, Kalinga-Itneg, Kalinga.
Kalinga, Southern
[ksc] Cordillera Administrative Region: Kalinga province, Lubuagan municipality; Mountain province, Sadanga and Sagada municipalities, 13 villages; some in Tabuk city. Users: 13,000 (2000 SIL), increasing. 113,000 all Kalinga (2005 UNSD). 7,540 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Kinalingga. Autonym: Kinalingka. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Central Cordilleran, North Central Cordilleran, Kalinga-Itneg, Kalinga.
Kalinga, Tanudan
[kml] Cordillera Administrative Region: south Kalinga province, south end of Tanudan valley. Users: 11,200 (1998 SIL), increasing. 113,000 all Kalinga (2005 UNSD). 1,120 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Lower Tanudan, Lower Tanudan Kalinga, Mangali Kalinga, Tanudan. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Central Cordilleran, North Central Cordilleran, Kalinga-Itneg, Kalinga.
Kalinga, Vanaw
[bjx] Cordillera Administrative Region: Abra province, mainly in Daguioman and Malibcong municipalities; Kalinga province, Balbalan municipality, Balbalasang, Pantikian, and Talalang barangays. Users: 6,890 (2021 S. Saboy). 2,970 speakers of main dialect, 2,090 Vanaw Jagyuman, and 1,830 Vanaw Malibkung (2021 S. Saboy). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Banao, Banao Itneg, Banaw, Bhanaw Tinggian, Itneg, Timggian, Tinguian, Vanaw, Vyanaw. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Central Cordilleran, North Central Cordilleran, Kalinga-Itneg, Kalinga.
Kallahan, Keley-i
[ify] Cagayan Valley Region: Nueva Vizcaya province, Aritao and Santa Fe municipalities; Cordillera Administrative Region: Ifugao province, Kiangan municipality. Users: 8,000 (2000 SIL). Only children under 5 are monolingual. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Hanalulo, Keley-i, Keley-i Kalanguya, Keleyqiq Ifugao. Autonym: Antipolo Ifugao. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Southern Cordilleran, West Southern Cordilleran, Nuclear Southern Cordilleran, Kallahan.
Kamayo
[kyk] Caraga region: Surigao del Sur province, between Marihatag and Lingig; Agusan del Sur province border areas; Davao region: Davao Oriental province, between Lingig and Boston. Users: 153,000 (2005 UNSD). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Davawenyo, Davaweño, Kadi, Kinadi, Kinamayo, Mandaya. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Mansakan, Northern.
Kankanaey
[kne] Cordillera Administrative Region: north Benguet and southwest Ifugao provinces, southwest Mountain province; Ilocos region: southeast Ilocos Sur province, northeast La Union province. Users: 167,000 (2005 UNSD). All Kankanai 261,000 (2005 UNSD). Ethnic population: 363,000 (2010 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Central Kankanaey, Kankanai, Kankanay. Autonym: Kankanaey. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Central Cordilleran, North Central Cordilleran, Nuclear Cordilleran, Bontok-Kankanay, Kankanay.
Kankanay, Northern
[xnn] Cordillera Administrative Region: Abra province, Tubo municipality, west Mountain province; Ilocos region: Ilocos Sur province, Cervantes, Gregorio del Pilar, Quirino, and San Emilio municipalities. Users: 94,100 (2005 UNSD). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Kataugnan, Northern Kankanaey, Sagada Igorot, Western Bontoc. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Central Cordilleran, North Central Cordilleran, Nuclear Cordilleran, Bontok-Kankanay, Kankanay.
Kapampangan
[pam] Central Luzon region: Bataan province, Abucay, Dinalupihan, Hermosa, and Samal municipalities; southwest Nueva Ecija province; Tarlac province; most of Pampanga province west of Pampanga river; Zambales province, scattered along east border. Users: 2,040,000 in Philippines (2005 UNSD). Ethnic population: 2,780,000 (2010 census). Total users in all countries: 2,049,670. Status: 3 (Wider communication). Statutory language of provincial identity in Pampanga and 2 other Luzon provinces (1991, ACFLC Section 3(f)). Alternate Names: Amánung Sísuan, Pampangan, Pampango, Pampangueño. Autonym: Kapampangan. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central Luzon, Pampangan.
Karao
[kyj] Cordillera Administrative Region: Benguet province, Bokod municipality, Ekip and Karao villages. Users: 2,000 (2011 SIL). Ethnic population: 3,690 (2010 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Karaw. Autonym: Karao. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Southern Cordilleran, West Southern Cordilleran, Nuclear Southern Cordilleran, Karaw.
Kasiguranin
[ksn] Central Luzon region: Aurora province, Casiguran municipality. Users: 12,100 (2005 UNSD). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Casiguranin. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Northern Cordilleran, Northeastern Luzon, Northern.
Katabagan
[ktq] CALABARZON region: Quezon province, Bondoc peninsula. Users: Status: Unattested. Alternate Names: Katabaga. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Unclassified.
Kinabalian
[cbw] Eastern Visayas region: Southern Leyte province, 6 villages in San Juan (Cabalian) town. Users: 14,000 (2009 J. Lobel). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bisaya’, Cabalian, Cabalianon, Kinabalianon. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bisayan, Central, Warayan.
Kinaray-a
[krj] Western Visayas region: scattered in Aklan, most of Antique, west Iloilo, and west Capiz provinces. Users: 433,000 (2005 UNSD), increasing. 1,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 601,000 (2010 census). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Antiqueño, Ati, Binisaya nga Karay-a, Bisaya nga Kinaray-a, Hamtikanon, Hamtiknon, Hinaray-a, Hiniraya, Karay-a, Kiniray-a, Panayano, Sulud. Autonym: Kinaray-a. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bisayan, West, Kinarayan.
Korean
[kor] Scattered communities, mostly in urban areas: Baguio (English studies), Cebu, Davao, Iloilo, and Metro Manila cities, dating generally from after World War II. Users: 85,100 in Philippines (2019 Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Koreanic.
Maguindanaon
[mdh] Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao: Maguindanao province, Cotabato city southeast to Lake Buluan; Soccsksargen region: North Cotabato province, south central area from Dillian to Kayaga; South Cotabato province, northern tip; central Sultan Kudarat province west of Lake Buluan. Users: 1,100,000 (2010 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,460,000 (2010 census). Status: 4 (Educational). Statutory language of provincial identity in North Cotabato and 3 other Mindanao provinces (1991, ACFLC Section 3(f)). Alternate Names: Magindanao, Magindanaon, Magindanaw, Maguindanao, Maguindanaw. Autonym: Magindanawn. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Danao, Magindanao.
Malaynon
[mlz] Western Visayas region: northwest Aklan province, Malay municipality, lowland. Users: 8,500 (1973 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bisayan, West, Aklan.
Mandaya
[mry] Davao region: Davao del Norte province; Davao Oriental province, Baganga, Caraga, Cateel, and Manay municipalities. Users: 82,000 (2005 UNSD). Ethnic population: 250,000 (2010 E. Arcenas). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Davawenyo. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Mansakan, Eastern.
Manide
[abd] Bicol region: Camarines Norte province, Labo and Santa Elena municipalities. Users: 3,800 (Lobel 2010). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Abiyan, Agta, Camarinas Norte Agta. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Umiray Dumaget.
Manobo, Agusan
[msm] Caraga region: Agusan del Norte province west; Agusan del Sur province, west area southeast of Lake Buluan; Surigao del Norte province south tip, inland; Surigao del Sur province southwest of Lanuza peninsula to Lianga bay; Davao region: Compostela Valley and Davao del Norte provinces’ north borders; Davao Oriental province scattered; Northern Mindanao region: Bukidnon province, scattered. Users: 60,000 (2002 SIL). 227,000 all Manobo (2005 UNSD). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Agusan, Manobo. Autonym: Minanubu. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Manobo, Central, East.
Manobo, Ata
[atd] Davao region: Compostela Valley, Davao del Norte, and Davao del Sur provinces, areas all northwest; Northern Mindanao region: southeast Bukidnon province. Users: 11,600 (2005 UNSD). 227,000 all Manobo (2005 UNSD). Ethnic population: 22,700 (2010 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Ata of Davao, Atao Manobo, Langilan. Autonym: Minanobo. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Manobo, Central, South, Ata-Tigwa.
Manobo, Cotabato
[mta] Soccsksargen region: Sultan Kudarat province, Kalamansig, Ninoy Aquino, and Palimbang municipalities; South Cotabato province, T’Boli municipality. Users: 30,000 (2007 SIL), increasing. 227,000 all Manobo (2005 UNSD). 5,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 24,600 (2010 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Dulangan Manobo. Autonym: Menubù. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Manobo, South.
Manobo, Dibabawon
[mbd] Davao region: north Compostela Valley province, upper Agusan river area; Davao del Norte province, Asuncion municipality, Manguagan; Davao Oriental province, Boston and Cateel municipalities. Users: 9,060 (2005 UNSD). 227,000 all Manobo (2005 UNSD). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Debabaon, Dibabaon, Dibabauon, Mandaya. Autonym: Dibabawon. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Manobo, Central, East.
Manobo, Ilianen
[mbi] Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao: Maguindanao province, Datu Montawal and north Kambutalan municipalities; Northern Mindanao region: Bukidnon province, Darnulong, Kandingilan, and Kibawe, municipalities; Soccsksargen region: North Cotabato province, north and central watershed of Mindanao river. Users: 14,600 (2000). 227,000 all Manobo (2005 UNSD). Few monolinguals. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Ilianen. Autonym: Menuvù. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Manobo, Central, West.
Manobo, Kinamiging
[mkx] Northern Mindanao region: Camiguin province, entire island north of Mindanao. Users: 12,800 (2005 UNSD). 227,000 all Manobo (2005 UNSD). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Cinamiguin, Cinamiguin Manobo, Kamigin, Kinamigin, Kinamiguin. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Manobo, North.
Manobo, Matigsalug
[mbt] Davao region: northwest Davao del Sur province; Northern Mindanao region: south-central Bukidnon province; Soccsksargen region: northeast North Cotabato region. Users: 50,000 (2010 SIL), increasing. 227,000 all Manobo (2005 UNSD). 5,000 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Matig-Salug Manobo, Salug-Tigwa Manobo, Tigwa, Tigwa Manobo. Autonym: Matigsalug. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Manobo, Central, South, Ata-Tigwa.
Manobo, Obo
[obo] Davao and Soccsksargen regions: northeast slope of Mount Apo, between Davao del Sur and North Cotabato provinces. Users: 60,000 (2007 SIL). 227,000 all Manobo (2005 UNSD). 20,000 monolinguals. Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Bagobo, Kidapawan Manobo, Manuvu’, Obo Bagobo. Autonym: Manobo. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Manobo, Central, South, Obo.
Manobo, Rajah Kabunsuwan
[mqk] Caraga region: Agusan del Sur province southeast corner; south Surigao del Sur province, Cabungsuan, Lingig, and Rajah; Davao region: Davao Oriental province, northern border. Users: 7,560 (2000). 227,000 all Manobo (2005 UNSD). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Rajah Kabungsuan Manobo. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Manobo, Central, East.
Manobo, Sarangani
[mbs] Davao region: Davao del Sur province, Jose Abad Santos municipality; Davao Oriental province, Governor Generoso municipality; Soccsksargen region: Sarangani province, Glan municipality. Users: 58,000 (2000 census). 227,000 all Manobo (2005 UNSD). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Sarangani. Autonym: Menobò. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Manobo, South.
Manobo, Western Bukidnon
[mbb] Northern Mindanao region: south Bukidnon province, Dangcagan, Don Carlos, Kitaotao, and especially Maramag municipalities; Soccsksargen region: North Cotabato province, Banisilan municipality. Users: 15,000 (2008 SIL). 227,000 all Manobo (2005 UNSD). Ethnic population: 15,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Manobo, Western Bukidnon. Autonym: Menuvù. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Manobo, Central, West.
Mansaka
[msk] Davao region: Davao Oriental province, west Baganga municipality; central west Compostela Valley province; Davao Oriental province, south to Pujada Bay. Users: 26,100 (2005 UNSD). Ethnic population: 55,600 (2010 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Mandaya Mansaka. Autonym: Minansaka. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Mansakan, Eastern.
Mapun
[sjm] Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao: Tawi-Tawi province, Cagayan de Sulu (Mapun) island. Users: 43,000 in Philippines (2011 SIL). 4,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 40,000 (2010 census). Total users in all countries: 58,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bajau Kagayan, Cagayan, Cagayan de Sulu, Cagayanen, Cagayano, Cagayanon, Jama Mapun, Kagayan, Orang, Sama Mapun. Autonym: Pullun Mapun. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, Sama-Bajaw, Sulu-Borneo, Borneo Coast Bajaw.
Maranao
[mrw] Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao: almost all Lanao del Sur province; northwest Maguindanao province, Bariya, Buldon, Matanog, and north Parang municipalities; Northern Mindanao region: west central Bukidnon province; south Lanao del Norte province, north of Lake Lano; Soccsksargen region: northwest North Cotabato province. Users: 866,000 (2005 UNSD). Ethnic population: 1,350,000 (2010 census). Status: 4 (Educational). De facto language of provincial identity in Lanao del Sur. Alternate Names: Maranaw, Mëranaw, Ranao. Autonym: Maranao. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Danao, Maranao-Iranon.
Masbatenyo
[msb] Bicol region: Masbate province, 3 islands. Users: 724,000, all users. L1 users: 474,000 (2005 UNSD), increasing. L2 users: 250,000 (2002 SIL). 50,000 monolinguals. Mostly children. Ethnic population: 678,000 (2010 census). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Statutory language of provincial identity in Masbate Province (1991, ACFLC Section 3(f)). Alternate Names: Masbateño, Minasbate. Autonym: Masbatenyo. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bisayan, Central, Peripheral.
Minamanwa
[mmn] Caraga region: Agusan del Norte and Surigao del Norte provinces in Lake Mainit area. Users: 4,070 (2005 UNSD). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Mamanwa, Mamanwa Negrito. Autonym: Minamanwa. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Mamanwa.
Molbog
[pwm] MIMAROPA region: Palawan province, Balabac, Balambangam, Banggi, Bataraza, Palawan, and Ramos islands. Users: 7,940 in Philippines (2005 UNSD). Ethnic population: 17,100 (2010 census). Total users in all countries: 10,440. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Balabak, Molbog Palawan. Autonym: Molbog. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Palawanic.
Palawano, Brooke’s Point
[plw] MIMAROPA region: southeast Palawan island, south of Abu Abu to Bataraza, mostly along upland rivers, some along the coast. Users: 14,400 (2000). 44,800 all Palawano (2005 UNSD). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Brooke’s Point Palawan, Palawan, Palawanun, Palaweño, Pelaꞌwan, Pelewan, Pinalawan, Pinelawan. Autonym: Palawano. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Palawanic.
Palawano, Central
[plc] MIMAROPA region: southwest Palawan island, north of Quezon to north of Rizal; east Abu Abu area, mostly along upland rivers, some along the coast. Users: 12,000 (1981 UBS). 44,800 all Palawano (2005 UNSD). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Palawanen, Palaweño, Quezon Palawano. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Palawanic.
Palawano, Southwest
[plv] MIMAROPA region: southwest Palawan island, north of Rizal to the south tip, east side from Bataraza south, mostly along upland rivers, some along the coast. Users: 12,000 (2005 W. Davis). 44,800 all Palawano (2005 UNSD). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Palawanic.
Pangasinan
[pag] Ilocos region: Pangasinan province. Users: 1,240,000 in Philippines (2005 UNSD). Ethnic population: 1,820,000 (2010 census). Total users in all countries: 1,243,660. Status: 3 (Wider communication). Statutory language of provincial identity in Pangasinan Province (1991, ACFLC Section 3(f)). Autonym: Pangasinan. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Meso-Cordilleran, South-Central Cordilleran, Southern Cordilleran, West Southern Cordilleran.
Paranan
[prf] Cagayan Valley region: Isabela province east coast, between Divilacan bay and Dinapigue town and inland to San Mariano. Users: 15,000 (2009 J. Lobel). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Palanan, Palanenyo. Autonym: Paranan. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Northern Cordilleran, Northeastern Luzon.
Porohanon
[prh] Central Visayas region: Cebu province, Camotes Islands (Pacijun, Ponsoon, Poro) between Cebu and Leyte. Users: 23,000. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Camotes. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bisayan, Central, Peripheral.
Ratagnon
[btn] MIMAROPA region: Mindoro Occidental province extreme south tip, including Ilin islands; Mindoro Oriental province south tip, Bulalacao municipality. Users: 370 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 2,250 (2010 census). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Aradigi, Datagnon, Lactan, Latagnun, Latan. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bisayan, West, Kuyan.
Romblomanon
[rol] MIMAROPA region: Romblon province, Romblon island; Sibuyan Island north of Panay. Users: 94,000 (2011 SIL). Ethnic population: 157,000 (2010 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Basi, Ini, Niromblon, Rombloanon, Romblon, Tiyad Ini. Autonym: Rumblumãnun. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bisayan, Central, Romblon.
Sama, Balangingih
[sse] Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao: Sulu and Basilan provinces; Zamboanga Peninsula region: coast peninsula, islands. Central Luzon region: White Beach near Subic bay (Northern Sama dialect); Zamboanga Peninsula region: Zamboanga Sibugay province, Olutangga island (Lutangan dialect). Users: 80,000 in Philippines (2007). Ethnic population: 73,600 (2010 census). Total users in all countries: 85,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Baangingi’, Balanguingui, Bangingi, Bangingih Sama, Northern Sama, Northern Sinama, Sama Baangingi, Samal, Sinama Baangingi. Autonym: Bangingih, Sama Bangingih. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, Sama-Bajaw, Sulu-Borneo, Inner Sulu Sama.
Sama, Central
[sml] Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao: Basilan province, Basilan island, Maluso municipality, Malamawi island; Sulu and Tawi-Tawi provinces, Cagayan de Sulu island, Siasi and Sitangkai municipalities, Bonggao and Tabawan; CALABARZON region: Batangas province; Central Visayas region: Bohol province, Tagbilaran; Cebu province; Negros Occidental province, Sasa; MIMAROPA region: Palawan province, Puerto Princesa; Northern Mindanao region: Misamis Oriental province, Cagayan de Oro; Zamboanga Peninsula region: Zamboanga del Norte province, Olutangga; Zamboanga del Sur province, Batuan Lumbayaw; Rio Hondo, Sangali, and Taluk Sangay areas in Zamboanga City; Davao City, Isla Verde. Users: 90,000 in Philippines (2000). 30,000 monolinguals. Total users in all countries: 105,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Central Sinama, Orang Laut, Sama, Samal, “Bajaw” (pej.). Autonym: Sinama. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, Sama-Bajaw, Sulu-Borneo, Inner Sulu Sama.
Sama, Pangutaran
[slm] Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao: west central Sulu province, Pangutaran island; Tawi-Tawi province, Cagayan de Tawi-Tawi island. Users: 35,200 (2000). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Pangutaran, Sama Pangutaran, Siyama. Autonym: Siyama Pangutaran. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, Sama-Bajaw, Sulu-Borneo, Western Sulu Sama.
Sama, Southern
[ssb] Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao: Tawi-Tawi province, Tawi-Tawi, Simunul, and Sibutu municipalities; other major islands. Users: 200,000 in Philippines (2007 SIL), increasing. 20,000 monolinguals. Total users in all countries: 260,000. Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Sama, Sama Tawi-Tawi, Southern Sinama, Tawi-Tawi Sinama. Autonym: Sinama, Sinama Tawi-Tawi. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, Sama-Bajaw, Sulu-Borneo, Inner Sulu Sama.
Sambal
[xsb] Central Luzon region: Tarlac province, western border; Ilocos region: Pangasinan province, 2 villages; MIMAROPA region: Palawan province, Quezon municipality, Panitian village; north Zambales province, 5 towns. Users: 70,000 (2000 SIL), decreasing. No monolinguals. Ethnic population: 70,000. Status: 7 (Shifting). De facto language of provincial identity in Zambales province. Alternate Names: Sambali, “Tina” (pej.), “Tina Sambal” (pej.). Autonym: Sambalì. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central Luzon, Sambalic.
Sambal, Botolan
[sbl] Central Luzon region: Zambales province, Botolan and Cabangan municipalities. Users: 32,900 (2000 SIL), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Aeta Negrito, Ayta Hambali, Botolan Zambal. Autonym: Hambali. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central Luzon, Sambalic.
Sangil
[snl] Davao region: Davao del Sur province, Balut island off extreme south tip. Users: 15,000 (1996 SIL). Ethnic population: 16,000 (2010 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Sanggil, Sangihé, Sangirese. Autonym: Sangiré. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sangiric, Northern.
Sangir
[sxn] Davao region: Davao del Sur province, Sarangani island off extreme south tip. Users: 55,000 in Philippines (1981 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Sangihé, Sangirese. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Sangiric, Northern.
Sindhi
[snd] Metro Manila, mostly in family groups. Users: 20,000 in Philippines (1997). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Sindhi.
Sorsoganon, Northern
[bks] Bicol region: Sorsogon province, Sorsogon city; Central Luzon region: Aurora province, Casiguran and Juban municipalities. Users: 85,000 (1975 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Masbate Sorsogon, Northern Sorsogon, Sorsogon Bicolano, Sursugúnun. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bisayan, Central, Warayan.
Sorsoganon, Southern
[srv] Bicol region: south Sorsogon province. Users: 185,000 (1975 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bikol Sorsogon, Gubat, Southern Sorsogon, Waray Sorsogon. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bisayan, Central, Warayan, Gubat.
Spanish
[spa] Major cities. Users: 465,330 in Philippines, all users. L1 users: 3,330 in Philippines (Instituto Cervantes 2019). L2 users: 462,000 (Instituto Cervantes 2019). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Castilian.
Subanen, Central
[syb] Zamboanga Peninsula region: Zamboanga del Norte province eastern half; Zamboanga del Sur province, west of Molave and Pagadian; Zamboanga Sibugay province, Diplahan, Kabasalan, and Siay municipalities. Users: 140,000 (2000), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Sindangan Subanun, Subaanen. Autonym: Sinubaanen, Subanen. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Subanon, Eastern.
Subanen, Eastern
[sfe] Zamboanga Peninsula region: Zamboanga del Norte province, Don Victoriano Chiongban municipality on Mount Malindang western slopes; northeast Zamboanga del Sur province; Northern Mindanao region: Misamis Occidental province, border area west of Mount Malindang. Users: 7,000 (2011 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Guinselugnen, Salugnen. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Subanon, Eastern.
Subanen, Northern
[stb] CALABARZON region: Rizal province, Disoy; Siayan municipality, Dumugok; Negros Island region: Central Visayas province, La Libertad; Northern Mindanao region: Misamis Occidental province, Jose Dalman Manukan (Linay and Pangandaw), Manuel A. Roxas, and Polanco municipalities; Zamboanga Peninsula region: Zamboanga del Norte province, Mutia and Sergio Osmeña, and Sibutad municipalities, inland from Dipolog and Dapitan cities. Users: 85,400 (2010 SIL), increasing. No monolinguals. Ethnic population: 85,400. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Northern Subaanen, Tuboy Subanon. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Subanon, Eastern.
Subanen, Southern
[laa] Zamboanga Peninsula region: Zamboanga del Sur province, peninsula west of Illana bay, Margosatubig city; Zamboanga Sibugay province, peninsula east of Sibuguey bay, Malangas city. Users: 25,000 (1978 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Lapuyan Subanun, Lapuyen, Margosatubig, Subanen. Autonym: Sinubanen. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Subanon, Eastern.
Subanon, Kolibugan
[skn] Zamboanga Peninsula region: Zamboanga del Norte province, Sulu Sea coast, Kanapun area to Liloy, also Sibuco to Siocon; Zamboanga del Sur province, Sibuguey bay head, Ipil and inland to Kabasalan; Zamboanga City, south from north provincial border to Curuan. Users: 25,100 (2005 UNSD). Ethnic population: 40,300 (2010 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Calibugan, Kalibugan, Kolibugan. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Subanon, Eastern.
Subanon, Western
[suc] Zamboanga Peninsula region: Zamboanga del Norte province, Labason town to southern border, mostly inland on Zamboanga Peninsula western slopes; Zamboanga Sibugay province, Ipil, Rosseler T Lim, and Tungawan municipalities on eastern slopes of peninsula. Users: 125,000 (2011 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Siocon. Autonym: Subanon. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Subanon.
Sulod
[srg] Western Visayas region: Antique province, Valderrama, Panay; Capiz province, Tapaz; Iloilo province, Lambunao. Users: 1,990 (2005 UNSD). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bukidnon, Mondo. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine.
Surigaonon
[sgd] Caraga region: Surigao del Norte, north Agusan del Norte, and north Surigao del Sur provinces. Users: 501,000 (2005 UNSD). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: Cantilangnon, Jaun-Jaun, Sinurigao, Waya-Waya. Autonym: Surigaonon. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bisayan, South.
Tadyawan
[tdy] MIMAROPA region: east central Mindoro Oriental province, Lake Naujan south. Users: 2,620 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 5,100 (2010 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Balaban, Pula, Tadianan. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Mangyan.
Tagabawa
[bgs] Davao region: Davao del Sur province; Soccsksargen region: North Cotabato province; Mount Apo slopes west of Davao city. Users: 43,000 (1998 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Tagabawa Bagobo, Tagabawa Manobo. Autonym: Bagobo. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Manobo, South.
Tagakaulo
[klg] Davao region: Davao del Sur province, Digos south to Bugis; Davao Occidental; Soccsksargen region: South Cotabato province, Tampakan municipality; Sultan Kudarat province, Colombia municipality. Users: 69,900 (2005 UNSD). 40,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 121,000 (2010 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Tagakaolo, Tagakaulu Kalagan. Autonym: Tagakaulo. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Mansakan, Western.
Tagalog
[tgl] Widespread; Manila, most of Luzon, and Mindoro. Users: 76,500,000 in Philippines, all users. L1 users: 22,500,000 in Philippines (2010 census). L2 users: 54,000,000 (2020). Total users in all countries: 82,312,160 (as L1: 28,150,160; as L2: 54,162,000). Status: 3 (Wider communication). De facto national working language. Alternate Names: Wikang Tagalog. Autonym: Tagalog. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Tagalog.
Tagbanwa
[tbw] MIMAROPA region: Palawan province, scattered communities from about 120 km south to 60 km north on both sides of Puerto Princesa island. Users: 17,200 (2005 UNSD). 500 monolinguals (2002). Ethnic population: 29,600 (2010 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Aborlan Tagbanwa, Apurawnon, Tagbanua. Autonym: Tagbanwa. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Palawanic.
Tagbanwa, Calamian
[tbk] MIMAROPA region: north Palawan province, Busuanga, Coron, Culion, and Linapacan municipalities (Calamian and Linapacan groups); Palawan Island northeast coast, 3 Tagbanwa communities. Users: 10,000 (2007 SIL), increasing. Ethnic population: 10,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Kalamian Tagbanwa, Kalamianon, “Unggoy” (pej.). Autonym: Tinagbanwa. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Kalamian.
Tagbanwa, Central
[tgt] MIMAROPA region: northwest Palawan province, Taytay municipality, Malipu bay area on South China seacoast. Users: 2,000 (1985 SIL). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Tagbanwa. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Palawanic.
Tandaganon
[tgn] Caraga region: central Surigao del Sur province, Bayabas, Cagwait, Tago, and Tandag towns. Users: 100,000 (2009 B. Hall). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Naturalis, Tagon-on. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bisayan, South.
Tausug
[tsg] Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao: Sulu province, Jolo, in Sulu archipelago; Basilan province, Basilan island; MIMAROPA region: Palawan province on Palawan island; Zamboanga Peninsula region: Zamboanga city and environs. Users: 784,000 in Philippines (2005 UNSD), increasing. 250,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 1,230,000 (2010 census). Total users in all countries: 946,000. Status: 3 (Wider communication). De facto language of provincial identity in Sulu and Tawi-Tawi provinces. Alternate Names: Jolohano, Moro Joloano, Sinug, Sinug Tausug, Sulu, Suluk, Tausog, Taw Sug. Autonym: Bahasa Sūg, بَهَسَ سُوگ (Bahasa Sūg). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bisayan, South, Butuan-Tausug.
Tawbuid
[twb] MIMAROPA region: Mindoro Occidental province, mainly Calintaan and Sablayan municipalities. Users: 6,810 (2000). Ethnic population: 6,960 (2010 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Batangan Taubuid, Fanawbuid, Western Taubuid, Western Tawbuid. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, South Mangyan, Buhid-Taubuid.
Tboli
[tbl] Soccsksargen region: Sarangani province, Katabau west to provincial border on Celebes seacoast; South Cotabato province, Mount Busa area and west; Sultan Kudarat province, Bagumbayan municipality and Kraun area. Users: 87,200 (2005 UNSD). 10,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 145,000 (2010 census). Status: 4 (Educational). Alternate Names: T’boli, Tiboli, “Tagabili” (pej.). Autonym: Tboli. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Bilic, Tboli.
Teduray
[tiy] Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao: Maguindanao province southwest, Datu Blah T. Sinsuat, North Upi, and south Upi municipalities; Soccsksargen region: Sultan Kudarat province northwest, Lebak municipality. Users: 60,500 (2005 UNSD). Ethnic population: 103,000 (2010 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Tirurai, Tiruray. Autonym: Teduray. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Bilic.
Waray-Waray
[war] Eastern Visayas region: east Biliran, Eastern Samar and Northern Samar provinces, all of Samar and associated islands; Leyte province, Leyte town east, Carigara bay, south to Tacloban, Leyte gulf shore south, inland west to highlands. Users: 2,610,000 in Philippines (2005 UNSD). Ethnic population: 3,660,000 (2010 census). Total users in all countries: 2,611,110. Status: 3 (Wider communication). Statutory language of provincial identity in Samar, Leyte islands (1991, ACFLC Section 3(f)). Alternate Names: Binisaya, Samaran, Samarenyo, Samareño, Winaray. Autonym: Waray, Waray-Waray. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bisayan, Central, Warayan, Samar-Waray.
Yakan
[yka] Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao: Basilan and Sulu provinces and small surrounding islands, Sakol island; Zamboanga Peninsula region: Zamboanga east coast, concentrated inland. Users: 130,000 (2005 UNSD), increasing. 86,900 in Basilan Province. 35,000 monolinguals (1990). Ethnic population: 202,000 (2010 census). Status: 4 (Educational). De facto language of provincial identity in Basilan province. Alternate Names: Yacan. Autonym: Yakan. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, Sama-Bajaw.
Yogad
[yog] Cagayan Valley region: Isabela province, Echague and nearby towns. Users: 17,900 (2005 UNSD). Ethnic population: 29,100 (2010 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Northern Luzon, Northern Cordilleran, Cagayan Valley, Ibanagic.