Pakistan
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Aer
[aeq] Sindh province: Jikrio Goth near Kunri; Deh area, Hyderabad, Jamesabad. Users: 100 (1998). Women monolingual. Ethnic population: 330 Aer in Deh area. Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Gujarati.
Badeshi
[bdz] Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Bishigram valley upper reaches, Swat Kohistan; small groups in Pooran Chakesar, Swat, and Tirat valleys; Alai. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last speakers survived into the 2000s. Ethnic population: 2,830 (2000). Status: 9 (Dormant). Alternate Names: Badakhshi. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Unclassified.
Bagri
[bgq] Punjab and Sindh provinces. Users: 306,000 in Pakistan (2018). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bagari, Bagria, Bagris, Bahgri, Baorias, Bawri. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Rajasthani, Unclassified.
Balochi, Eastern
[bgp] Balochistan province: northeast; Punjab province: southwest; Sindh province: northwest. Users: 2,930,000 in Pakistan (2017 census). Total users in all countries: 2,930,800. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Baloci, Baluchi, Baluci, Eastern Hill Balochi. Autonym: بلوچی (Balochi). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Balochi.
Balochi, Southern
[bcc] South Balochistan and Sindh provinces, Karachi. Users: 2,450,000 in Pakistan (2017 census). Total users in all countries: 3,555,700. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Baloci, Baluchi, Baluci, Makrani. Autonym: Balóchi, بلوچی (Balochi). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Balochi.
Balochi, Western
[bgn] Balochistan province: northwest; Sindh province: Dadu district. Users: 1,050,000 in Pakistan (2017 census). Total users in all countries: 2,264,350. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Baloci, Baluchi, Baluci. Autonym: بلوچی (Balochi). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Balochi.
Balti
[bft] Gilgit Baltistan province: Hunza-Nagar district; Baltistan region, Gultari, Khapalu, Kharmang, Rondu, Shigar, and Skardu valleys. Users: 425,000 in Pakistan (2018). Total users in all countries: 438,800. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Baltistani, Bhotia of Baltistan, Byltae, Sbalti. Autonym: بلتی (Baltī). Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Western Tibeto-Burman, Bodish, Central Bodish, Western.
Baluchi
Bateri
[btv] Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: south Kohistan district; Indus river east bank, some north of Besham, Batera area. Users: 39,000 in Pakistan (2018). Total users in all countries: 39,800. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Batera Kohistani, Baterawal, Baterawal Kohistani, Bateri Kohistani. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Kohistani.
Bengali
[ben] Users: 326,000 in Pakistan (2018). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Eastern, Bengali-Assamese.
Bhaya
[bhe] Sindh province: Jamesabad, Kapri Goth, Khipro area, Mirke goth, Mirpurkhas, Phuladia, and a few in Hyderabad. Possibly in India. Users: 70 (1998). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Western Hindi, Unclassified.
Brahui
[brh] Balochistan and Sindh provinces: east in Kalat and Quetta region. Users: 2,640,000 in Pakistan (2017 census). Total users in all countries: 2,864,400. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Birahui, Brahuidi, Brahuigi, Kur Galli. Autonym: براہوئی (brāhūʾī). Classification: Dravidian, Northern.
Burushaski
[bsk] Gilgit Baltistan province: north Gilgit district areas, Hunza-Nagar and Yasin areas; scattered in Gilgit, Kashmir, and various cities. Users: 126,000 in Pakistan (2018), increasing. Total users in all countries: 126,300. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Biltum, Brooshaaski, Brushaski, Burucaki, Burucaski, Burushaki, Burushaski Hunza, Burushki, Miśa:ski, Mishāski. Autonym: Burushaski, بروشسکی (Burushaski). Classification: Language isolate.
Chilisso
[clh] Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Kohistan district, Indus river east bank, Indus Kohistan, Koli, Palas area. Users: 1,000 (1992 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,600. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Chiliss, Galos. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Kohistani.
Chinese, Mandarin
[cmn] Users: 10,000 in Pakistan (2018). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Sino-Tibetan, Chinese.
Dameli
[dml] Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: south Chitral district, Damel valley; 4 main and several smaller villages. Users: 5,000 (Perder 2013), increasing. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Damedi, Damel, Damia, Damiabaasha, Gidoji, Gudoji. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Kunar.
Dari
[prs] Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: southeast Chitral, Shishi Koh valley, Madaglasht village; Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar, Rawalpindi, and other large cities. Users: 284,000 in Pakistan (2018). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Afghan Persian, Badakhshi, Madaglashti. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Persian.
Dehwari
[deh] Balochistan province: Kalat and Mastung. Users: 19,000 (2018). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Deghwari. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Persian.
Dhatki
[mki] Sindh province: Sanghar and Tharparkar districts. Users: 190,000 in Pakistan (2018). Total users in all countries: 206,400. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Dhati, Thari. Autonym: ڍاٽڪِي (Dhatki). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Rajasthani, Marwari.
Domaaki
[dmk] Gilgit Baltistan province: Hunza-Nagar district, Bakor village, Big Nagar, Gilgit, Mominabad village, Oshkandas east of Gilgit, Punyal, and Shishkat; mainly in Hunza valley. Users: 340 (Matthias 2011), decreasing. Concentrated mostly in one village (Van Driem 2007). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Bericho, Dawoodi, Dom, Doma, Dumaki. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western.
English
[eng] Users: 104,016,300 in Pakistan, all users. L1 users: 16,300 in Pakistan (2018). L2 users: 104,000,000 (Ramaswami et al 2012). Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (1973, Constitution, Article 251(2)). Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English.
Gawar-Bati
[gwt] Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: south Chitral district, Arandu area; Kunar river area. Users: 4,000 in Pakistan (2021). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Arandui, Gowar-Bati, Gowari, Narisati, Narsati, Satre. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Kunar.
Gawri
[gwc] Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Swat district, Biar, Lamuti, Rajkot, and Thal villages in Dir Kohistan; upper Swat Kohistan, between Peshmal and Kalam north to Kalam area upper valleys. Users: 96,400 (2018). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bashgharik, Bashkarik, Baskarik, Dir Kohistani, Diri, Dirwali, Gaawro, Garwa, Garwi, Gowri, Kalam Kohistani, Kalami, Kohistana, Kohistani. Autonym: گاؤری (Gauri). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Kohistani.
Ghera
[ghr] Sindh province: Hyderabad district, 1 enclave between main bus stop and railway station in Hyderabad city. Users: 10,000 (1998). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bara, Sindhi Ghera. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Western Hindi, Unclassified.
Goaria
[gig] Sindh province: widespread (except Karachi), Badin, Larkana, Moro, and Umerkot on lower Indus river valley between Hyderabad and Sukkur. Users: 25,400 (2000). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Rajasthani, Marwari.
Gowro
[gwf] Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Kohistan district, Kolai area, Mahrin village on Indus east bank. Users: 1,000 (2003 J. Baart), decreasing. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Gabar Khel, Gabaro. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Kohistani.
Gujarati
[guj] Sindh and lower Punjab provinces. Users: Status: 5* (Dispersed). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Gujarati.
Gujari
[gju] Azad Kashmir province: widespread north; Gilgit Baltistan province: Diamer district, Gilgit; Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: east Hazara district, Kaghan valley, scattered in south Chitral district, Dir Kohistan and Swat Kohistan; Punjab province: Rawalpindi district; Islamabad. Users: 391,000 in Pakistan (2018). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Gogri, Gojari, Gojri, Gujer, Gujjari, Gujuri, Gujuri Rajasthani, Kashmir Gujuri. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Rajasthani, Unclassified.
Gurgula
[ggg] Sindh province: Bhens colony, Karachi; smaller urban centers of Mirpur Khas, Moro, Panj, Sabura, Shahdadpur, and Tando Allahyar. Users: 35,300 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Marwari Ghera. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Rajasthani, Unclassified.
Hazaragi
[haz] Balochistan province: Quetta district; Qunduz area, Karachi and Islamabad. Users: 97,600 in Pakistan (2018). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Azargi, Hazara, Hezareh. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Persian.
Hindko, Northern
[hno] Azad Kashmir province: Muzaffarabad district, and Islamabad; Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Hazara division, Abbotabad and Mansehra districts; Indus and Kaghan valleys and Indus valley tributaries. Users: 3,570,000 (2017 census), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Hazara Hindko, Hindko, Kagani, Kaghani, “Hindki” (pej.). Autonym: ہندکو (Hindko). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Panjabi, Western Panjabi.
Hindko, Southern
[hnd] Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Kohat and Peshawar districts; Punjab province: Attock district, to south Hazara division; Islamabad. Users: 1,170,000 (2017 census). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Hindko. Autonym: ہندکو (Hindko). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Panjabi, Western Panjabi.
Jadgali
[jdg] Balochistan province: Lasbela district; Sindh province: Karachi district. Users: 15,600 in Pakistan (2004 J. Leclerc). Total users in all countries: 25,600. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Jat, Jatgali, Jatki. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Sindhi.
Jandavra
[jnd] Sindh province: Hyderabad to east of Mirpur Khas. Reportedly also in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. Users: 5,000 (1998). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Jhandoria. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Gujarati.
Jogi
[jog] Sindh province: Badin, Hala, Hyderabad, Jusab Jang, Karachi Habchopi, Khokhar Bughera, Makli, Matli, Mirpurkhas, Nabisar, Nagar Parkar, Sato Mel, Tando Adam, Tando Allahyar, Tando Jam, Tando Sain Dad, Taz Mori, Thatta, Umerkot. Users: 50,000 (1996 R. Hoyle). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Rajasthani, Marwari.
Kabutra
[kbu] Sindh province: Kunri, Nara Dhoro, and Umerkot areas. Users: 1,000 (1998). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Nat, Natra. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Western Hindi, Hindustani, Sansi.
Kacchi
[kfr] Sindh province: notably in Karachi. Users: 50,000 in Pakistan (1998). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Cuchi, Cutch, Kachchhi, Kachchi, Kachi, Katch, Katchi, Kautchy, Kutchchi, Kutchie. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Sindhi.
Kalasha
[kls] Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: south Chitral district, Urtsun valley (southern Kalasha dialect); Birir, Bumboret, and Rumbur valleys (northern Kalasha dialect). Users: 5,000 (Heegård Petersen 2006). 3,200 in Northern Kalasha area; unknown and decreasing number in Southern Kalasha area. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Calasa, Dardu, Kalasa, Kalash, Kalashamon, Kalashamond, Kalashamondr, Kalashi. Autonym: Kal’as’amon. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Chitral.
Kalkoti
[xka] Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Dir Kohistan, Kalkot village. Users: 6,600 (2018). Status: 7 (Shifting). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Shina.
Kamviri
[xvi] Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: south Chitral district, Badrugal, Lamerot, Langorbat, and Urtsun valley. Users: 2,000 in Pakistan (2004). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kamdeshi, Kamik, Lamertiviri, Shekhani. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Nuristani.
Kashmiri
[kas] Azad Kashmir province: south of Shina. Users: 361,000 in Pakistan (2017 census). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Cashmeeree, Cashmiri, Kacmiri, Kaschemiri, Keshuri. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Kashmiri.
Kati
[bsh] Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Chitral district (eastern Kativiri dialect), Bumboret, Lutkuh, Rumbur, and Urtsun valleys. Users: 7,800 in Pakistan (2018). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bashgali, Kata viri, Kativiri, Kâtʹa-vari, Nuristani, Shekhaniwar. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Nuristani.
Khetrani
[xhe] Balochistan province: Barkhan district. Users: 20,000 (2018). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Panjabi, Western Panjabi.
Khowar
[khw] Gilgit Baltistan province: Gilgit district, Ghizr valley, Shandur pass to Gupis; Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Chitral and Peshawar districts; Ishkhoman and Yasin valleys, north Swat valley, Ushu; probably in Rawalpindi and other northern cities. Users: 351,000 in Pakistan (2018). Total users in all countries: 379,100. Status: 3 (Wider communication). Alternate Names: Arniya, Chitrali, Chitrari, Citrali, Kashkari, Khawar, Patu, Qashqari. Autonym: کھووار (Khowar). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Chitral.
Kohistani, Indus
[mvy] Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Kohistan district, west bank Indus river. Users: 200,000 (1992). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Khili, Kohistani, Kohistẽ, Mair, Maiyon, Maiyã, Shuthun. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Kohistani.
Koli, Kachi
[gjk] Sindh province: Nawabshah and Sakrand north, Matli south, and east beyond Mirpur Khas and Jamesabad, Tando Adam and Tando Allahyar town areas. Users: 130,000 in Pakistan (2018). 80,000–100,000 Kachi Koli, 5,000–6,000 Rabari, 10,000 Kachi Bhil, 50,000 Vagri, 10,000 Katai Meghwar, 1,000 Zalavaria Koli. Total users in all countries: 530,000. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Kachi, Kachi Gujarati, Katchi, Kohli, Kolhi, Koli, Kori, Kuchi, Vagari, Vagaria. Autonym: گجراتی کچی کوہلی (Gujarati Kuchi Kohli). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Gujarati.
Koli, Parkari
[kvx] Sindh province: Tharparkar district, Nagar Parkar in southeast tip bordering India; lower Thar desert, to Indus river west, bordered north and west by Hyderabad, to south and west of Badin. Users: 358,000 (2018). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Parkari. Autonym: پارڪرِي (Parkari). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Gujarati.
Koli, Wadiyari
[kxp] Sindh province: bounded by Hyderabad, Mirpur Khas, and Tando Allahyar north, Jamesabad and Matli south. Users: 179,000 in Pakistan (2018). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Wadaria, Wadhiara, Wadiyara, Wadiyara Koli, Wadiyari. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Gujarati.
Konkani, Goan
[gom] Users: 67,400 in Pakistan (2018). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Southern, Konkani.
Kundal Shahi
[shd] Azad Kashmir province: Neelam district, Kundal Shahi village. Users: 700 (Rehman and Baart 2005). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Apeen Bol, “Rawri” (pej.). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Shina.
Lahnda
Lasi
[lss] Balochistan province: Kalat division, Lasbela district, north-northwest of Karachi. Users: 14,300 (2018). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Lassi. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Sindhi.
Loarki
[lrk] Sindh province: rural. Users: 20,000 (1998). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Rajasthani, Marwari.
Mankiyali
[nlm] Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Mansehra district, Badi Shungli union council, Dana village. Users: 500 (Anjum 2016). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Tarawara, Tarawari, Trawari. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Kohistani.
Marwari
[mve] Punjab province: Bahawalnagar, Bahawalpur, and Rahim Yar Khan districts; Sindh province: widespread Karachi to Sukkur. Users: 164,000 (2018). 78,300 Northern Marwari and 85,600 Southern Marwari. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Jaiselmer, Marawar, Merwari, Rajasthani. Autonym: مارواڑی (Mārwāṛī). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Rajasthani, Marwari.
Memoni
[mby] Sindhi province: scattered; Karachi. Users: Status: 7 (Shifting). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Unclassified.
Oadki
[odk] Sindh and in south Punjab provinces: widespread. Users: 76,100 in Pakistan (2018). Ethnic population: 250,000 (2017 A. Ranjha). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Oad, Od, Odh, Odki. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Unclassified.
Ormuri
[oru] Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: South Wazirstan agency, Kaniguram. Users: 5,000 in Pakistan (2018), decreasing. Total users in all countries: 5,050. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Baraki, Bargista, Berki, Birki, Brakee, Braki, Burki, Ormar, Ormari, Ormui, Ormur, Urmar, Urmuri, Warmaro. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Ormuri-Parachi.
Pahari-Potwari
[phr] Azad Kashmir province: all but far north; Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Abbottabad district; Punjab province: Gujarat, Jhelum, and Rawalpindi districts; Islamabad. Users: 2,500,000 in Pakistan (Lothers and Lothers 2007). Total users in all countries: 3,541,900. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Pahari, Pahari-Pothowari, Pothohari, Potohari, Potwari. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Panjabi, Western Panjabi.
Pakistan Sign Language
[pks] Scattered. Users: 1,080,000 (2021 DBS/DOOR/SIL). Estimated 650,000–1,300,000 deaf signers, assuming 0.3%–0.6% of total population. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: IPSL, Indo-Pakistani Sign Language, Isharon Ki Zubann, PSL. Classification: Sign language, Deaf community sign language.
Palula
[phl] Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Chitral district, Ashret and Biori, 12 villages on lower east Chitral river; some in main valley, Kalkatak, and Shishi Koh valley, Purigal; some in Dir Kohistan. Ashret valley (Ashreti dialect); Biori valley, Kalkatak, and Purigal (northern Palula dialect). Users: 14,400 (2018). Population of Ashret and Biori Valleys is almost completely monolingual (Liljegren 2008). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Biyori, Dangarikwar, Palola, Phalulo, Phalura. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Shina.
Parsi
[prp] Users: 20,000 in Pakistan (1999). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Central Iran.
Pashto, Central
[pst] Balochistan province: north; Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Bannu and Karak districts; Wazirstan agencies and Lakki Marwat and Tank regions; Punjab province: some border areas in Bhakkar district. Users: 8,490,000 (2017 census). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mahsudi. Autonym: پښتو (Pashto). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern, Pashto.
Pashto, Northern
[pbu] Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Peshawar district and Yusufzai area; Punjab province: Mianwali district; all along Afghanistan border. Users: 24,300,000 in Pakistan (2017 census). Ethnic population: Possibly 49,600,000 Pashto in all countries. Total users in all countries: 30,172,800 (as L1: 28,812,800; as L2: 1,360,000). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Pakhto, Pashtu, Pushto, Yousafzai Pashto, Yusufzai Pashto. Autonym: پښتو (Pashto). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern, Pashto.
Pashto, Southern
[pbt] Balochistan province: Loralai, Mastung, Quetta, Pishin, Sibi, and Ziarat districts, and adjacent areas; Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Dera Ismail Khan district; Punjab province: Dera Ghazi Khan district. Users: 5,960,000 in Pakistan (2017 census). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Pashtu, Pushto, Pushtu, Quetta-Kandahari Pashto. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern, Pashto.
Persian, Iranian
[pes] Users: 185,000 in Pakistan (2018). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Persian.
Punjabi, Eastern
[pan] Punjab province: Bahawalnagar, Faisalabad, Toba Tek Singh, and Vehari districts. Users: 15,000,000 in Pakistan (2017 census). Status: 5 (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Eastern Panjabi, Punjabi. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Panjabi.
Punjabi, Western
[pnb] Punjab province: Chakwal, Gujranwala, Gujrat, Hafizabad, Jhang, Jhelum, Kasur, Khushab, Lahore, Mandi Bahauddin, Nankana, Narowal, Okara, Pakpattan, Sahiwal, Sargodha, Shekhupura, and Sialkot districts. Users: 65,000,000 in Pakistan (2017 census). Total users in all countries: 66,441,240. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Jangli, Lahanda, Lahnda, Lahndi, Panjabi, Panjabi Proper, Punjabi, Punjapi, Shahmukhi. Autonym: پنجابی (Panjābī). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Panjabi, Western Panjabi.
Pushto
Rohingya
[rhg] Users: 350,000 in Pakistan (2017 The Arakan Project), based on nationality. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Eastern, Bengali-Assamese.
Sansi
[ssi] Sindh province: Karachi. Users: 20,000 in Pakistan (2018). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Bhilki. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Western Hindi, Hindustani, Sansi.
Saraiki
[skr] Balochistan province: Barkhan, Jaffarabad, Jhal Magsi, and Nasirabad districts; Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Dera Ismail Khan and Tank districts; Punjab province: Bahawalpur, Bhakkar, Dera Ghazi Khan, Layyah, Lodhran, Mianwali, Multan, Muzaffargarh, Rahim Yar Khan, Rajanpur, and Taunsa districts; Sindh province: Ghotki, Jacobabad, Kashmore, Larkana, Qambar Shahdadkot, Shikarpur and Sukkur districts. Users: 25,900,000 in Pakistan (2017 census). Total users in all countries: 26,219,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Belochki, Seraiki, Siraiki. Autonym: سرائیکی (Saraiki). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Panjabi, Western Panjabi.
Sarikoli
[srh] Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Chitral district, bordering the Wakhan corridor. Users: 70 in Pakistan (Torwali 2021). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Sariquli. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern, Pamir, Shugni-Yazgulami.
Savi
[sdg] Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Kunar valley, Dir district, many in refugee camps near Timargarha; Chitral, near Drosh; a few in Jalalabad. Users: 4,000 in Pakistan (2021 FLI). Ethnic population: 4,000 (2021 FLI). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Sau, Sauji, Sawi. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Shina.
Shina
[scl] Azad Kashmir province: east Neelum district; Gilgit Baltistan province: Baltistan, Diamer, and Gilgit districts, Chilas area, Darel, Gilgit, Haramosh, lower Hunza Valley, Punial, and Tangir valleys, Astor, Kharmang, Kachura, Satpara, and other small valleys, scattered villages in Ishkoman and Yasin valleys; Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: east Kohistan district, Harban and Sazin. Users: 688,000 in Pakistan (2018), increasing. Total users in all countries: 720,200. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Brokpa, Shinaki, Sina. Autonym: شینا (Shina). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Shina.
Shina, Kohistani
[plk] Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Kohistan district, east bank Indus river, Jalkot, Kolai, and Palas valley areas. Users: 458,000 (2018), increasing. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kohistani, Kohistyo, Palasi-Kohistani. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Shina.
Sindhi
[snd] Balochistan province: Khuzdar and Lasbela districts; Sindh province: widespread, Indus river lower reaches; Hyderabad, Karachi. Users: 31,000,000 in Pakistan (2017 census). Ethnic population: 26,000,000 (2014 World Factbook). Total users in all countries: 33,217,150. Status: 2 (Provincial). De facto provincial language in Sindh. Autonym: سنڌي (Sindhi). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Sindhi.
Sindhi Bhil
[sbn] Sindh province: Badin-Matli-Thatta, Ghorabari west, and Mohrano. Badin-Matli to Tando Allahyar scattered (Sindhi Meghwar dialect). Users: 56,500 (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Meghwar Bhil. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Sindhi.
Tamil
[tam] Sindh province: Karachi, Korangi, Madrasi Para, and Tri Road. Users: 2,000 in Pakistan (2020 BBC). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Dravidian, Southern, Tamil-Kannada, Tamil-Kodagu, Tamil-Malayalam, Tamil.
Torwali
[trw] Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Swat district; upper Swat district, both sides of Swat river, north of Madyan up to Asret (Bahrain dialect); 2 villages in Chail valley (Chail dialect). Users: 114,000 (2018). Ethnic population: 120,000 (2021 FLI), with an additional 10,000 more living and working abroad. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kohistani, Torwalak, Torwalik, Turvali. Autonym: توروالی (Torwali). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Kohistani.
Turkish
[tur] Users: 6,000 in Pakistan (2018). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Turkic, Southern, Turkish.
Turkmen
[tuk] Several refugee camps near Quetta, and in cities. Users: 10,900 in Pakistan (2016). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Turkic, Southern, Turkmenian.
Urdu
[urd] Widespread. Users: 164,000,000 in Pakistan, all users. L1 users: 15,000,000 in Pakistan (2018 census). L2 users: 149,000,000 (2018). Total users in all countries: 231,295,440 (as L1: 70,249,640; as L2: 161,045,800). Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (1973, Constitution, Article 251(1)). Alternate Names: Bihari, Modern Standard Urdu. Autonym: اُردُو (Urdū). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Western Hindi, Hindustani.
Ushojo
[ush] Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Swat district, upper Bishigram valley, east of Madyan, 12 villages. Users: 3,000 (2018). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ushuji. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Outer Languages, Northwestern, Dardic, Shina.
Uyghur
[uig] Users: 10,000 in Pakistan (2018). A few families permanently settled in Pakistan. Status: Unestablished. Classification: Turkic, Eastern.
Uzbek, Southern
[uzs] Users: 1,630,000 in Pakistan (2018). Status: Unestablished. Classification: Turkic, Eastern.
Vaghri
[vgr] Sindh province: Badin, Digri, Hala, Jang Sai, Karachi, Matli, Mirpur Khas, Nawabshah, Noakot, Sakrand, Sanghar, Sukkur, Tando Adam, Tando Allahyar, Tando Ghulam Ali, and Tando Mohammed Khan. Users: 4,800 (2018). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bavri, Salavta, Vaghri Koli. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Gujarati.
Wakhi
[wbl] Gilgit Baltistan province: Ghizer, Gilgit, and Hunza-Najar districts; Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: northernmost Chitral district, Baroghil, in glacier area; Chupursan, upper Ishkoman, Shimshal, and upper Yarkhun valleys; upper Hunza valley from Gulmit to Chinese and Afghanistan borders (Gojal dialect). Users: 14,200 in Pakistan (2018), increasing. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Khik, Khikwar, Vakhan, Wakhani, Wakhigi, X̌ik zik, X̌ikwor, Xhikwor. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern, Pamir.
Waneci
[wne] Balochistan province: northeast in Harnai area. Users: 141,000 (2018). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Chalgari, Tarino, Vanechi, Wanechi, Wanetsi. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern, Pashto.
Yadgha
[ydg] Khyber Pakhtunkwa province: Chitral district, upper Lotkoh valley, west of Garam Chashma. Users: 6,150 (2000). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Lotkohiwar, Munji-war, Yidga, Yidgha, Yudga, Yudgha. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern, Southeastern, Pamir.