Brazil

Portuguese

[por] 1 (National). Statutory national language (1988, Constitution, Article 13). 211,200,000 in Brazil, all users. L1 users: 201,000,000 in Brazil (2020). L2 users: 10,200,000 (2020).

4 (Educational)

English

[eng] 4 (Educational). 10,921,000 in Brazil, all users. L1 users: 121,000 in Brazil (2020 Registro Nacional Migratório no Brasil), based on nationality. L2 users: 10,800,000 (2020 British Council).

Jamamadí

[jaa] 4 (Educational). 780 (2019). 100 Banawá, 450 Jamamadí, 230 Jarawara. Banawa Yafi (Kitiya) mostly monolingual; 160 ethnic Jarawara, also mostly monolingual (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 790 (2012). 100 Banawá Yafí, 450 Jamamadí, 240 Jarawara.

Pomeranian

[nds] 4 (Educational). Statutory language of provincial identity in State of Espirito Santo (2011, State Amendment), co-official in a number of municipalities within the state. 300,000 in Brazil (2016 M. Braga).

Spanish

[spa] 4 (Educational). 6,342,000 in Brazil, all users. L1 users: 742,000 in Brazil (2020 Registro Nacional Migratório no Brasil), based on nationality. L2 users: 5,600,000 (Instituto Cervantes 2019).

Tapirapé

[taf] 4 (Educational). 950 (2020 F. Gerardi).

Ukrainian

[ukr] 4 (Educational). 34,000 in Brazil (2021 Joshua Project). Ethnic population: 500,000 (2015).

5 (Developing)

Apinayé

[apn] 5* (Developing). 1,500 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 1,530 (2006 FUNASA).

Bakairí

[bkq] 5* (Developing). 950 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 950 (1999 ISA).

Canela

[ram] 5* (Developing). 2,500 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 2,500 (2006 FUNASA).

Dení

[dny] 5* (Developing). 740 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 880 (2006 FUNASA).

Guajajára

[gub] 5* (Developing). 14,000 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 19,500 (2006 FUNASA).

Guaraní, Mbyá

[gun] 5* (Developing). 6,000 in Brazil (2008 CTI). Most children, women and elders are monolingual (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 6,000 (Crevels 2012). Total users in all countries: 19,960.

Hupdë

[jup] 5* (Developing). 1,500 in Brazil (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 1,500 (Crevels 2012). Total users in all countries: 1,740.

Kaapor

[urb] 5* (Developing). 800 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 990 (2006 FUNASA).

Karitiâna

[ktn] 5* (Developing). 210 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 320 (2005 ISA).

Krikati-Timbira

[xri] 5* (Developing). 680 (2005 FUNASA). Ethnic population: 680 (2005 FUNASA).

Nadëb

[mbj] 5* (Developing). 370 (Crevels 2012). 350 Nadëb, 20 Kuyabi (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 850 (2010 S. Anonby).

Palikúr

[plu] 5* (Developing). 1,290 in Brazil (2010 IEPE). Ethnic population: 1,330 (Crevels 2012). Total users in all countries: 1,540.

Panará

[kre] 5* (Developing). 380 (2008 SIL). Ethnic population: 540 (2014 ISA).

Parakanã

[pak] 5* (Developing). 900 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 900 (2004 ISA).

Parecís

[pab] 5* (Developing). 1,800 (Brandão 2014). Ethnic population: 2,000 (Brandão 2014).

Trió

[tri] 5* (Developing). 1,160 in Brazil (Crevels 2012). Most are monolingual. Ethnic population: 1,160 (Crevels 2012).

Tucano

[tuo] 5* (Developing). 4,600 in Brazil (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 6,240 (Crevels 2012). Total users in all countries: 11,620.

Waiwai

[waw] 5* (Developing). 2,020 in Brazil (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 2,900 (2005 ISA). Total users in all countries: 2,230.

Waurá

[wau] 5* (Developing). 320 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 320 (Moore 2006).

Wayampi

[oym] 5* (Developing). 910 in Brazil (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 910 (Crevels 2012). Total users in all countries: 1,660.

Yanomamö

[guu] 5* (Developing). 4,000 in Brazil (Moore 2006). 11,700 for all Yanomam groups in Brazil (2000 ISA). Most are monolingual. Ethnic population: 4,000 (Crevels 2012).

Apalaí

[apy] 5 (Developing). 950, all users. L1 users: 650 (2022 SIL). L2 users: 300 (2022 SIL).

Brazilian Sign Language

[bzs] 5 (Developing). Recognized language (2002, Law 10.436/2002, Parliamentary decree 5626/2005). 630,000 (2021 DBS/DOOR/SIL). Estimated 420,000–840,000 deaf sign language users, based on 0.2%–0.4% of the general population. Another estimate: 2,000,000 (2019 R. Quadros). Ethnic population: 9,700,000 (2010). Ethnic population represents people with significant hearing loss (2010 census).

Gavião do Jiparaná

[gvo] 5 (Developing). 1,120 (Crevels 2012). 520 Gavião and 600 Zoró speakers (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 1,120 (Crevels 2012).

Hixkaryána

[hix] 5 (Developing). 1,200 (2020 M. da Silva). Ethnic population: 1,200 (2012 SESAI).

Ingarikó

[ake] 5 (Developing). 1,700 in Brazil (Instituto Socioambiental 2020). Ethnic population: 1,700 (Instituto Socioambiental 2020).

Kadiwéu

[kbc] 5 (Developing). 1,590 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 1,630 (2006 FUNASA).

Kamayurá

[kay] 5 (Developing). 530 (Vitti 2015). Ethnic population: 600 (2014 ISA).

Kayapó

[txu] 5 (Developing). 7,270 (Crevels 2012). 19 communities in regular contact with outsiders; also 3–4 isolated Kayapó groups of 30–100 people (Crevels 2007). 3,950 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 7,270 (Crevels 2012).

Marubo

[mzr] 5 (Developing). 1,980 (2019). Ethnic population: 2,000 (2014 SESAI).

Maxakalí

[mbl] 5 (Developing). 1,270 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 1,270 (Crevels 2012).

Nambikuára, Southern

[nab] 5 (Developing). 720 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 720 (Moore 2006).

Sateré-Mawé

[mav] 5 (Developing). 6,220 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 9,160 (2008 FUNASA).

Suruí

[sru] 5 (Developing). 1,010 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 1,010 (Crevels 2012).

Ticuna

[tca] 5 (Developing). 35,000 in Brazil (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 35,000 (Crevels 2012). Total users in all countries: 48,580.

Xavánte

[xav] 5 (Developing). 19,000 (2010 census). 7,000 monolinguals.

Xerénte

[xer] 5 (Developing). 2,570 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 2,570 (Crevels 2012).

Yuhup

[yab] 5 (Developing). 620 in Brazil (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 620 (Crevels 2012). Total users in all countries: 720.

6a (Vigorous)

Araweté

[awt] 6a (Vigorous). 340 (Crevels 2012). Nearly all are monolingual (1986). Ethnic population: 340 (Crevels 2012).

Ashéninka, Ucayali-Yurúa

[cpb] 6a* (Vigorous). 810 in Brazil (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 870 (2004 CPIAC).

Cinta Larga

[cin] 6a* (Vigorous). 650 (Crevels 2012). Nearly all are monolingual. Ethnic population: 650 (Crevels 2012).

Dâw

[kwa] 6a (Vigorous). 120 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 120 (Crevels 2012).

Enawené-Nawé

[unk] 6a* (Vigorous). 450 (Crevels 2012). Most are still monolingual (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 450 (2006 FUNASA).

Guajá

[gvj] 6a* (Vigorous). 280 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 280 (Crevels 2012).

Himarimã

[hir] 6a (Vigorous). 40.

Ikpeng

[txi] 6a* (Vigorous). 340 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 340 (2006 FUNASA).

Jurúna

[jur] 6a* (Vigorous). 280 (Moore 2006). 1 speaker left in the Terra Indígena Paquiçamba in 1989 (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 360 (2006 FUNASA). 35 ethnic group members in the Tierra Indígena Paquiçamba (Crevels 2007).

Kanamarí

[knm] 6a* (Vigorous). 1,330 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 1,650 (Crevels 2012). 100 Tshom-Djapa in 1985 (Crevels 2012).

Karo

[arr] 6a (Vigorous). 200 (Crevels 2012). Spoken by almost everyone in the two villages (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 210 (2006 Associação de Defensa Etnoambiental).

Katukína, Panoan

[knt] 6a* (Vigorous). 700 (2010 S. Kennell). Ethnic population: 700 (S. Kennell).

Korubo

[xor] 6a (Vigorous). 140 (2010 census). Ethnic population: 140 (2010 census).

Krahô

[xra] 6a* (Vigorous). 2,180 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 2,180 (2006 FUNASA).

Maquiritari

[mch] 6a (Vigorous). 430 in Brazil (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 430 (Crevels 2012).

Matís

[mpq] 6a* (Vigorous). 320 (2008 ISA).

Matsés

[mcf] 6a* (Vigorous). 1,500 in Brazil (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 1,590 (2006 FUNASA).

Mehináku

[mmh] 6a (Vigorous). 200 (Crevels 2012). All Mehinaku still speak their mother tongue (Crevels 2007). Combined Waura [wau] and Mehinaku speakers: 600 (2012). Ethnic population: 230 (2006 ISA).

Ninam

[shb] 6a (Vigorous). 470 in Brazil (Crevels 2012). About evenly divided between northern and southern dialects. 15,700 for all Yanomam groups in Brazil (2006 FUNASA). Ethnic population: 470 (Crevels 2012). Total users in all countries: 1,030.

Pakaásnovos

[pav] 6a* (Vigorous). 2,720 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 2,720 (2006 FUNASA).

Patamona

[pbc] 6a* (Vigorous). Ethnic population: 200 (Instituto Socioambiental 2020).

Suruahá

[swx] 6a (Vigorous). 140 (Moore 2006). 140 monolinguals. All are monolingual. Ethnic population: 140 (Crevels 2007).

Suruí do Pará

[mdz] 6a* (Vigorous). 260 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 260 (2006 FUNASA).

Suyá

[suy] 6a* (Vigorous). 410 (Crevels 2012). 350 Suya (main dialect); 58 Tapayúna (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 410 (Crevels 2012). 350 Suya (main dialect); 58 Tapayúna (Crevels 2012). All Tapayuna speak their native language (Crevels 2007).

Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau

[urz] 6a (Vigorous). 87 (Moore 2006). Crevels (2007) groups the Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau together with Amundava [adw] for a total population of 170 (2003). Ethnic population: 87 (Moore 2006).

Uru-Pa-In

[urp] 6a* (Vigorous). 200 (1995 SIL).

Waimiri-Atroarí

[atr] 6a (Vigorous). 2,010 (2018 ISA).

Yanomámi

[wca] 6a (Vigorous). 6,000 (Moore 2006). 11,700 for all Yanomam groups in Brazil (2000 ISA). Most are monolingual. Ethnic population: 6,000 (Crevels 2012).

Yaroamë

[yro] 6a* (Vigorous). 430 (Ferreira 2011).

Yawanawa

[ywn] 6a* (Vigorous). 520 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 520 (2006 FUNASA).

Zo’é

[pto] 6a (Vigorous). 180 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 180 (Crevels 2012).

6b (Threatened)

Aikanã

[tba] 6b (Threatened). 150 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 200 (Crevels 2012).

Amundava

[adw] 6b* (Threatened). 83 (2003 ISA). Crevels 2007 groups the Amundava together with the Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau [urz] for a total population of 170 (2003).

Apurinã

[apu] 6b* (Threatened). 2,000 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 6,990 (2010 FUNASA).

Asurini of Xingú

[asn] 6b (Threatened). 120 (Pereira 2009), decreasing. Any monolingual speakers are above 40 years of age (Pereira 2009). Ethnic population: 120 (Pereira 2009).

Awetí

[awe] 6b (Threatened). 170 (2011 S. Drude).

Baniwa

[bwi] 6b* (Threatened). 5,810 in Brazil (Crevels 2012).

Borôro

[bor] 6b (Threatened). 1,390 in Brazil (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 1,390 (Crevels 2012). Total users in all countries: 1,392.

Caló

[rmq] 6b* (Threatened). 400,000 in Brazil (2014 S. Anonby). Ethnic population: 800,000 (2011 R7 Noticias).

Desano

[des] 6b* (Threatened). 700 in Brazil (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 2,200 (Crevels 2012). Total users in all countries: 3,160.

Jabutí

[jbt] 6b (Threatened). 40 (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 170 (Crevels 2012).

Jaminawa

[yaa] 6b (Threatened). 1,300 in Brazil (2020). Ethnic population: 1,400 (2020).

Kaingang

[kgp] 6b* (Threatened). 18,500 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 28,000 (Crevels 2012).

Kaiwá

[kgk] 6b* (Threatened). 18,000 (2003 ISA). Ethnic population: 20,000 (Crevels 2012).

Karajá

[kpj] 6b* (Threatened). 3,060 (Crevels 2012). Javaé 800, Karajá 2,250, Xambioá 10 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 4,010 (Crevels 2012). Javaé 1,210, Karajá 2,530, Xambioá 270 (Crevels 2012).

Karapanã

[cbc] 6b* (Threatened). 63 in Brazil (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 63 (Crevels 2012).

Karipuna French Creole

[kmv] 6b* (Threatened). 2,400 (2008 SIL).

Kaxinawá

[cbs] 6b (Threatened). 5,000 in Brazil (2020 H. Freitas). Ethnic population: 10,800 (2014 SESAI).

Kayabí

[kyz] 6b (Threatened). 1,000 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 1,620 (2006 FUNASA).

Kuikúro-Kalapálo

[kui] 6b* (Threatened). 1,110 (Crevels 2012). 600 Kuikúro and 500 Kalapálo.

Kulina

[cul] 6b* (Threatened). 3,000 in Brazil (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 3,500 (Crevels 2012). Total users in all countries: 3,420.

Macushi

[mbc] 6b* (Threatened). 15,000 in Brazil (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 23,400 (2006 FUNASA). Total users in all countries: 15,930.

Mamaindê

[wmd] 6b (Threatened). 300 (2017 D. Eberhard). Losing speakers among the youth in one of the 4 villages. Ethnic population: 330 (Crevels 2012). 250 Mamaindê, 80 Negarotê.

Morerebi

[xmo] 6b* (Threatened). 100 (2000).

Mundurukú

[myu] 6b (Threatened). 8,000 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 10,100 (2002 FUNASA).

Nhengatu

[yrl] 6b (Threatened). 6,000 in Brazil (2020). Total users in all countries: 14,000.

Pemon

[aoc] 6b* (Threatened). 500 in Brazil (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 580 (Crevels 2012).

Pirahã

[myp] 6b (Threatened). 390 (Crevels 2012). Most are monolingual. Ethnic population: 9,690 (Crevels 2012). 9,300 Múra, 390 Pirahã (Crevels 2012).

Piratapuyo

[pir] 6b* (Threatened). 700 in Brazil (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 1,430 (2005 FOIRN). Total users in all countries: 1,330.

Plautdietsch

[pdt] 6b* (Threatened). 8,000 in Brazil (Salminen 2007).

Tenharim

[pah] 6b* (Threatened). 360 (Crevels 2012). 1 Diahói, 10 Parintintin, and 350 Tenharim (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 1,070 (Crevels 2012). 90 Diahói, 280 Parintintin, and 700 Tenharim (Crevels 2012).

Wanano

[gvc] 6b (Threatened). 1,000 in Brazil (2020 L. Drake). Ethnic population: 1,200 (2020 L. Drake). Total users in all countries: 1,300.

7 (Shifting)

Arára, Pará

[aap] 7 (Shifting). 340 (2010 I. Souza).

Asurini, Tocantins

[asu] 7 (Shifting). 380 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 380 (Crevels 2012).

Gavião, Pará

[gvp] 7 (Shifting). 970 (Crevels 2012). 480 Gavião Perkatêjê and 490 Pukobjê (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 970 (2006 ISA). 480 Parakatêjê and 470 Pukobjê (Crevels 2012).

Hunsrik

[hrx] 7 (Shifting). 3,000,000 in Brazil. Ethnic population: 5,000,000 (2021 Joshua Project).

Iatê

[fun] 7 (Shifting). 1,000 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 2,930 (Crevels 2012).

Italian

[ita] 7 (Shifting). 39,300 in Brazil (2020 Registro Nacional Migratório no Brasil), based on nationality. Ethnic population: 22,000,000 (2020 S. Schwartzman).

Kaxararí

[ktx] 7 (Shifting). 300 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 320 (2009 FUNASA).

Koripako

[kpc] 7 (Shifting). 1,330 in Brazil (Crevels 2012).

Machinere

[mpd] 7 (Shifting). 940 in Brazil (2004 CPIAC). Total users in all countries: 953.

Sanumá

[xsu] 7 (Shifting). 460 in Brazil (Moore 2006). All Yanomam groups in Brazil: 11,700 (2000 ISA). Ethnic population: 460 (Crevels 2012).

Tembé

[tqb] 7 (Shifting). Ethnic population: 1,430 (Crevels 2012).

Terêna

[ter] 7 (Shifting). 15,800 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 20,000 (Crevels 2012).

Wapishana

[wap] 7 (Shifting). 6,500 in Brazil (2000 ISA). Ethnic population: 7,000 (Crevels 2012).

8a (Moribund)

Aruá

[arx] 8a (Moribund). 12 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 36 (Crevels 2012).

Atorada

[aox] 8a (Moribund). Few in Brazil (2000).

Avá-Canoeiro

[avv] 8a (Moribund).

Chiquitano

[cax] 8a (Moribund). 50 in Brazil (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 740 (Crevels 2012).

Chiripá

[nhd] 8a (Moribund). 4,900 in Brazil (1995 AMTB). Ethnic population: 8,000 (2003 ISA).

Cubeo

[cub] 8a (Moribund). 150 in Brazil (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 380 (Crevels 2012).

Galibi

[car] 8a (Moribund). 28 in Brazil (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 66 (Crevels 2012).

Irántxe

[irn] 8a (Moribund). 90 (Crevels 2012). 10 Irántxe and 80 Münkü (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 360 (2006 ISA). 280 Irántxe and 80 Münkü (Crevels 2012).

Karipuna

[kuq] 8a (Moribund). 10 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 14 (Crevels 2012).

Kaxuiâna

[kbb] 8a (Moribund). 150 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 230 (Crevels 2012).

Krenak

[kqq] 8a (Moribund). 10 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 200 (Crevels 2012).

Kulina Pano

[xpk] 8a (Moribund). 32 (2007 SIL). Ethnic population: 130 (Crevels 2012).

Latundê

[ltn] 8a (Moribund). 10 (2010 S. Anonby). Ethnic population: 20 (2010 S. Anonby).

Makuráp

[mpu] 8a (Moribund). 50 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 380 (Crevels 2012).

Matipuhy

[mzo] 8a (Moribund). 130 (Crevels 2012). 10 Matipuhy and 120 Nahukuá (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 230 (Crevels 2012). 100 Matipuhy and 130 Nahukuá (Crevels 2012).

Ofayé

[opy] 8a (Moribund). 12 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 61 (Crevels 2012).

Paumarí

[pad] 8a (Moribund). 290 (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 890 (Crevels 2012).

Pokangá

[pok] 8a (Moribund). 34 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 34 (Crevels 2012).

Rikbaktsa

[rkb] 8a (Moribund). 40 (2010 SIL). Ethnic population: 1,120 (Crevels 2012).

Sakirabiá

[skf] 8a (Moribund). 22 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 84 (Crevels 2012).

Salumá

[slj] 8a (Moribund). 240 (2000).

Sikiana

[sik] 8a (Moribund). 33 in Brazil (1986 SIL). Total users in all countries: 45.

Siriano

[sri] 8a (Moribund). 17 in Brazil (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 52 (2009 FUNASA).

Tariana

[tae] 8a (Moribund). 100 in Brazil (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 1,910 (2002 ISA).

Trumai

[tpy] 8a (Moribund). 51 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 250 (2014 SESAI).

Tuparí

[tpr] 8a (Moribund). 150 (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 430 (Crevels 2012).

Tuyuca

[tue] 8a (Moribund). 800 in Brazil (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 830 (Crevels 2012).

Wayana

[way] 8a (Moribund). 290 in Brazil (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 450 (Moore 2006). Wayana and Aparai are registered as a single group of 420 members (1998).

Xokleng

[xok] 8a (Moribund). 100 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 890 (Crevels 2012).

8b (Nearly extinct)

Akuntsu

[aqz] 8b (Nearly extinct). 5 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 5 (Crevels 2012).

Amahuaca

[amc] 8b (Nearly extinct). 220 in Brazil (1995).

Anambé

[aan] 8b (Nearly extinct). 6 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 130 (2000 ISA).

Arutani

[atx] 8b (Nearly extinct). 1 in Brazil (Labrada et al 2020).

Baré

[bae] 8b (Nearly extinct). 2 in Brazil (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 2,790 (Moore 2006).

Cafundo Creole

[ccd] 8b (Nearly extinct). 40 (1978 M. Gnerre).

Cocama-Cocamilla

[cod] 8b (Nearly extinct). Ethnic population: 620 (Moore 2006).

Guató

[gta] 8b (Nearly extinct). 5 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 370 (2006 FUNASA).

Itene

[ite] 8b (Nearly extinct). 1 in Brazil (Instituto Socioambiental 2020). Ethnic population: 30 (2002).

Kanoé

[kxo] 8b (Nearly extinct). 3 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 95 (Crevels 2007).

Katawixi

[xat] 8b (Nearly extinct). 10 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 250 (Moore 2006).

Kwaza

[xwa] 8b (Nearly extinct). 25 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 40 (Crevels 2012).

Lakondê

[lkd] 8b (Nearly extinct). 1 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 7 (Crevels 2012).

Macuna

[myy] 8b (Nearly extinct). 32 in Brazil (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 32 (Crevels 2012).

Mapidian

[mpw] 8b (Nearly extinct). 10 in Brazil (Moore 2006).

Oro Win

[orw] 8b (Nearly extinct). 5 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 56 (Crevels 2012).

Puruborá

[pur] 8b (Nearly extinct). 2 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 50 (Moore 2006).

Sabanê

[sae] 8b (Nearly extinct). 3 (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 140 (Crevels 2012).

Shanenawa

[swo] 8b (Nearly extinct). 9 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 360 (2002 FUNAI).

Sharanahua

[mcd] 8b (Nearly extinct). 9 in Brazil (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 330 (Crevels 2012).

Tawandê

[xtw] 8b (Nearly extinct). 1 (Crevels 2012).

Waimaha

[bao] 8b (Nearly extinct). 21 in Brazil (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 21 (Crevels 2012).

Warekena

[gae] 8b (Nearly extinct). 20 in Brazil (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 810 (Crevels 2012).

Wayoró

[wyr] 8b (Nearly extinct). 8 (Moore 2006). Ethnic population: 94 (Crevels 2012).

Xipaya

[xiy] 8b (Nearly extinct). 1 (2011 SIL). Ethnic population: 600 (2002 ISA). The ethnic population probably includes Kuruaya [kyr] as they are sometimes considered a single ethnic group. There were 8 elders of Kuruaya and Xipaya descendance in Altamira reported to speak the native language in 2007 (Crevels 2007).

Yawalapití

[yaw] 8b (Nearly extinct). 5 (Instituto Socioambiental 2020). Ethnic population: 260 (Instituto Socioambiental 2020).

9 (Dormant)

Amanayé

[ama] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived into the first decade of the 2000s (2007 SIL). Ethnic population: 190 (2001 ISA).

Apiaká

[api] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. The last fluent speaker, Pedrinho Kamassuri, died in 2011. Ethnic population: 1,000 (Tempesta 2009).

Arapaso

[arj] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. The last speaker died by the 1960s; ethnic Arapaso had shifted to Tucano (Loukotka 1968). Ethnic population: 570 (Crevels 2012).

Arára, Mato Grosso

[axg] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. 7 speakers remained in 1986 (Rodrigues 1986). Ethnic population: 210 (Crevels 2012).

Arikapú

[ark] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker likely survived into the 2010s. Ethnic population: 30 (Crevels 2012).

Guana

[gqn] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Last speakers survived into the 2000s. Ethnic population: 250 (2005 ISA).

Kaimbé

[xai] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Became extinct early in the 20th century. Ethnic population: 1,100 (1986 SIL).

Kambiwá

[xbw] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Became extinct early in the 20th century. Ethnic population: 2,820 (Crevels 2012).

Kapinawá

[xpn] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 420 (Crevels 2007).

Karirí-Xocó

[kzw] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Spoken into last half of 20th century. Ethnic population: 1,470 (Crevels 2012).

Katukína

[kav] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the late 1970s (1976 SIL). Ethnic population: 450 (Crevels 2012).

Kreye

[xre] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Last speakers survived into the first decade of the 2000s. Ethnic population: 30 (Crevels 2012).

Kuruáya

[kyr] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. The last fluent speakers died in 2010 (Picanço 2010). Ethnic population: 130 (2006 FUNASA). 115 (2002) in Cajueiro village (Crevels 2007).

Miranha

[boa] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers in Brazil. Ethnic population: 840 (Crevels 2012).

Miriti

[mmv] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Survived into the 1980s. Ethnic population: 75 (Crevels 2012).

Mondé

[mnd] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers (Golla 2007). Survived into late 20th century. 2 semi-speakers left (Golla 2007).

Nukuini

[nuc] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Spoken into last half of 20th century. Although not used anymore, a few people were reported to still remember the Nukuini language in 2013. Ethnic population: 600 (Crevels 2012).

Omagua

[omg] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers in Brazil. Ethnic population: 350 (Crevels 2012).

Pankararé

[pax] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died by the 1960s. Ethnic population: 1,500.

Pankararú

[paz] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died in the 1960s. Ethnic population: 6,520 (Crevels 2012).

Paranawát

[paf] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Probably extinct by the 1970s. Ethnic population: 50 (1986 SIL).

Pataxó Hã-Ha-Hãe

[pth] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. The last speaker died by the late 1930s (Loukotka 1968). Ethnic population: 2,220 (Crevels 2012).

Potiguára

[pog] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. The last speaker either died or had shifted entirely to Portuguese [por] by the early 1970s. Ethnic population: 11,400 (Crevels 2012).

Poyanáwa

[pyn] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers likely survived into the first decade of the 2000s. Ethnic population: 400 (1999 ISA).

Talian

[vec] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers in Brazil. Ethnic population: 1,000,000 (2021).

Tingui-Boto

[tgv] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Extinct by the 1970s. Ethnic population: 300 (Crevels 2012).

Torá

[trz] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Extinct by 2000s. Ethnic population: 310 (Crevels 2012).

Tremembé

[tme] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 2,050 (Crevels 2012).

Truká

[tka] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Extinct in latter half of 20th century. Ethnic population: 4,170 (Crevels 2012).

Tupinikin

[tpk] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Extinct by 1960s. Ethnic population: 1,390.

Turiwára

[twt] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. The Tembé [tqb] seem to have assimilated the closely related Turiwara group (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 30 (1995 SIL).

Tuxá

[tud] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. The last speaker died in the 1960s (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 3,930 (Crevels 2012).

Uamué

[uam] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. The last speaker died in the 1960s (Crevels 2012). Ethnic population: 2,740 (Crevels 2007).

Umotína

[umo] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers (Crevels 2012). The last speaker, Julá Paré, died in 2004 (2011 E. Vital). Ethnic population: 450 (Crevels 2012).

Wajiara

[yui] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers in Brazil. Last known speakers likely survived into the 2000s (Crevels 2012).

Wakoná

[waf] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Last speakers died in the mid-1970s. Ethnic population: 500 (1995 SIL).

Wasu

[wsu] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: 1,560 (Crevels 2012).

Xakriabá

[xkr] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Became extinct in latter 19th century. Ethnic population: 7,670 (Crevels 2012).

Xetá

[xet] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived into the 1990s (1986 SIL). Ethnic population: 86 (Crevels 2012).

Xiriâna

[xir] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. There were 200 monolingual speakers in 1960 (Migliazza and Grimes 1961), but the language became dormant by the 2000s. Ethnic population: 900 (2000).

Xukurú

[xoo] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died in the 1960s (Meader 1978). Ethnic population: 2,650 (Crevels 2012).

Yabaâna

[ybn] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. The last speaker either died or shifted entirely to Portuguese by 1986 (Rodrigues 1986). Ethnic population: 90 (1986 SIL).

10 (Extinct)

Acroá

[acs] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers. Probably extinct by the 20th century.

Agavotaguerra

[avo] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the first decades of the 2000s (2016 SIL).

Ararandewára

[xaj] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers. Probably became extinct in the latter half of the 20th century.

Arikem

[ait] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers. Survived into the 1930s.

Aurá

[aux] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the first decade of the 2000s (2004 SIL).

Júma

[jua] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers (2021). The last fluent speaker, named Aruka Juma, died on February 17, 2021 (2021 M. Astor).

Kaapor Sign Language

[uks] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 users. Ferreira Brito 1984 reported 5 deaf and less than 500 hearing, but unconfirmed reports in 1987 say no users remain. Deaf users were monolingual.

Kaingáng, São Paulo

[zkp] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived into the 1990s (1989 SIL).

Kamakan

[vkm] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers. The last speaker died by the 1960s (Loukotka 1968).

Karipúna

[kgm] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers.

Kepkiriwát

[kpn] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers. Probably survived into 1950s.

Koropó

[xxr] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers. Survived into the late 19th century.

Máku

[xak] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers in Brazil. The last speaker died in 2001.

Maritsauá

[msp] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers. The last speaker died in the first half of the twentieth century (Rodrigues 1986).

Oti

[oti] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers. Became extinct early in the 20th century.

Otuke

[otu] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers. Survived into the 1920s.

Puri

[prr] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers. Became extinct late in the 19th century.

Tukumanféd

[tkf] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers. Became extinct in late 20th century.

Tuxináwa

[tux] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers. Extinct by 1970s.

Urumi

[uru] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers. Became extinct in latter half of 20th century.

Wiraféd

[wir] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers. Extinct by 1980s.

Unestablished

Arabic, North Levantine Spoken

[apc] Unestablished. 700,000 in Brazil (Guedri 2008), increasing. Ethnic population: 7,000,000 (2015).

Armenian, Western

[hyw] Unestablished. 47,000 in Brazil (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Chinese, Mandarin

[cmn] Unestablished. 62,900 in Brazil (2020 Registro Nacional Migratório no Brasil), based on nationality.

Dutch

[nld] Unestablished. 11,000 in Brazil (2020 Registro Nacional Migratório no Brasil), based on nationality.

French

[fra] Unestablished. 42,700 in Brazil (2020 Registro Nacional Migratório no Brasil), based on nationality.

German, Standard

[deu] Unestablished. 40,000 in Brazil (2020 Registro Nacional Migratório no Brasil), based on nationality.

Greek

[ell] Unestablished. 11,000 in Brazil (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Haitian Creole

[hat] Unestablished. 136,000 in Brazil (2020 Registro Nacional Migratório no Brasil), based on nationality.

Hungarian

[hun] Unestablished. 22,000 in Brazil (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Japanese

[jpn] Unestablished. 380,000 in Brazil (2021 Joshua Project). Ethnic population: 2,750,000 (2020 S. Schwartzman).

Kabuverdianu

[kea] Unestablished. 4,000 in Brazil (2015 Instituto de Apoio ao Emigrante).

Korean

[kor] Unestablished. 48,300 in Brazil (2019 Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs), based on nationality.

Norwegian

[nor] Unestablished. 11,000 in Brazil (2020 Registro Nacional Migratório no Brasil), based on nationality.

Polish

[pol] Unestablished. 7,670 in Brazil (2020 Registro Nacional Migratório no Brasil), based on nationality.

Romani, Vlax

[rmy] Unestablished. 20,000 in Brazil (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Romanian

[ron] Unestablished. 21,000 in Brazil (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Russian

[rus] Unestablished. 143,000 in Brazil (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Serbian

[srp] Unestablished. 21,000 in Brazil (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Slovak

[slk] Unestablished. 3,900 in Brazil (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Tagalog

[tgl] Unestablished. 29,600 in Brazil (2020 Registro Nacional Migratório no Brasil), based on nationality.

Turkish

[tur] Unestablished. 6,200 in Brazil (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Brazil

Primary tabs

Browse by

25th Edition

Products

Related Sites