Nigeria

English

[eng] 1 (National). De facto national language. 60,024,000 in Nigeria, all users. L1 users: 24,000 in Nigeria (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. L2 users: 60,000,000 (Crystal 2003a).

2 (Provincial)

Hausa

[hau] 2 (Provincial). De facto provincial language in northern region. Spoken as L2 in the north. 55,800,000 in Nigeria, all users. L1 users: 37,900,000 in Nigeria (2020). L2 users: 17,900,000 (2018). Total users in all countries: 77,063,700 (as L1: 50,770,700; as L2: 26,293,000).

Igbo

[ibo] 2 (Provincial). De facto provincial language in southeastern region. Main LWC of Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu, and Imo states. 30,700,000 in Nigeria (2020). Total users in all countries: 30,775,190.

Yoruba

[yor] 2 (Provincial). De facto provincial language in southwestern region. 44,600,000 in Nigeria, all users. L1 users: 42,600,000 in Nigeria (2020). L2 users: 2,000,000. Total users in all countries: 45,612,560 (as L1: 43,612,560; as L2: 2,000,000).

3 (Wider communication)

Arabic, Shuwa

[shu] 3 (Wider communication). 200,000 in Nigeria (2020 Joshua Project).

Efik

[efi] 3 (Wider communication). De facto language of provincial identity in Cross River and Akwa Ibom states, all domains. The Efik Bible, published in 1868, was the very first translation into any Nigerian language and is used widely throughout the region. Following translation of Efik Bible, adopted as church language in surrounding area. Now used throughout Cross River State in church, market, business, and media domains. 2,693,000 in Nigeria, all users. L1 users: 693,000 in Nigeria (2020). L2 users: 2,000,000. Total users in all countries: 2,698,620 (as L1: 698,620; as L2: 2,000,000).

Fulfulde, Nigerian

[fuv] 3 (Wider communication). Used as LWC in the market in Bauchi, Gombe, and Borno states. 16,500,000 in Nigeria (2020), increasing. Total users in all countries: 16,585,000.

Ibibio

[ibb] 3 (Wider communication). De facto language of provincial identity in Akwa Ibom, Abia, and Rivers states; possibly in Cross River state, used in education, various media. Ibibio is the LWC of Akwa Ibom state. 10,700,000 in Nigeria, all users. L1 users: 6,200,000 in Nigeria (2020). L2 users: 4,500,000 (2013 SIL). Total users in all countries: 10,759,000 (as L1: 6,259,000; as L2: 4,500,000).

Kanuri, Manga

[kby] 3 (Wider communication). 200,000 in Nigeria (1993).

Kanuri, Yerwa

[knc] 3 (Wider communication). De facto language of provincial identity in Borno, Yobe, and Gombe states, used in education; widespread use generally. 8,150,000 in Nigeria, all users. L1 users: 7,650,000 in Nigeria (2020). L2 users: 500,000. Total users in all countries: 8,825,500 (as L1: 8,325,500; as L2: 500,000).

Mwaghavul

[sur] 3 (Wider communication). 150,000 (2016 R. Blench).

Nupe-Nupe-Tako

[nup] 3 (Wider communication). De facto language of provincial identity in Niger, Kwara, and Koji states; possibly in Abuja Capital Territory, widespread. 2,020,000, all users. L1 users: 1,820,000 (2020). L2 users: 200,000 (Wiesenfeld 1999).

Pidgin, Nigerian

[pcm] 3 (Wider communication). Evolved as a result of language contact with the British colonists in 1800. Lingua franca across Nigeria. 120,650,000, all users. L1 users: 4,650,000 (2020). L2 users: 116,000,000 (2020).

Tiv

[tiv] 3 (Wider communication). De facto language of provincial identity in Benue, Nassarawa, Plateau, Taraba, and Cross River states, used in elementary education. 4,560,000 in Nigeria (2020).

4 (Educational)

Edo

[bin] 4 (Educational). De facto language of provincial identity in Edo, Delta, and Ondo states, used in education. 2,030,000 in Nigeria (2020). Total users in all countries: 2,031,670.

Emai-Iuleha-Ora

[ema] 4 (Educational). 231,000 (2020).

Ga’anda

[gqa] 4 (Educational). 43,000 (1992).

Igala

[igl] 4 (Educational). 1,620,000 (2020).

Izon

[ijc] 4 (Educational). De facto language of provincial identity in Baylesa, Delta, Ondo, and Edo states, used in education and media. 2,440,000 (2020). 100,000 Kolokuma (1991 UBS).

5 (Developing)

Awak

[awo] 5* (Developing). 6,000 (1995 CAPRO).

Bacama

[bcy] 5* (Developing). 304,000 (2020).

Bangwinji

[bsj] 5* (Developing). 6,000 (Crozier and Blench 1992).

Basa

[bzw] 5* (Developing). 326,000 (2020).

Dera

[kna] 5* (Developing). 20,000 (1973 SIL).

Dikaka

[cfa] 5* (Developing). 25,000 (1998).

Ebira

[igb] 5* (Developing). 2,210,000 (2020). 900,000 monolinguals.

Etsako

[ets] 5* (Developing). 511,000 (2020).

Ezaa

[eza] 5* (Developing). 738,000 (2020).

Fulfulde, Benin-Togo

[fue] 5* (Developing).

Gbagyi

[gbr] 5* (Developing). 1,290,000 (2020).

Gbaya, Northwest

[gya] 5* (Developing). Very few in Nigeria.

Gude

[gde] 5* (Developing). 68,000 in Nigeria (1987). Total users in all countries: 88,000.

Gun

[guw] 5* (Developing). 459,000 in Nigeria (2020).

Hide

[xed] 5* (Developing). 4,000 in Nigeria (2001 SIL).

Idoma

[idu] 5* (Developing). De facto language of provincial identity in Kogi, Benue, and Enugu states, primary education, radio and TV media. 976,000 (2020).

Ijo, Southeast

[ijs] 5* (Developing). 71,500 (Voegelin and Voegelin 1977). 66,600 Nembe, 4,900 Akassa.

Ika

[ikk] 5* (Developing). 22,800 (2000).

Ikwo

[iqw] 5* (Developing). 260,000 (2012 SIL).

Isekiri

[its] 5* (Developing). 940,000 (2020).

Isoko

[iso] 5* (Developing). 681,000 (2020).

Iten

[etx] 5* (Developing). 40,000 (Blench 2003).

Ivbie North-Okpela-Arhe

[atg] 5* (Developing). 20,000 (1973 SIL).

Izii

[izz] 5* (Developing). 540,000 (2012 SIL).

Jibu

[jib] 5* (Developing). 30,000 (1997 SIL).

Jju

[kaj] 5* (Developing). 610,000 (2020).

Jukun Takum

[jbu] 5* (Developing). 40,000 in Nigeria (1979 UBS), L2 users.

Kalabari

[ijn] 5* (Developing). 507,000 (2020).

Kamwe

[hig] 5* (Developing). 607,000 (2020).

Kirike

[okr] 5* (Developing). 463,000 (2020).

Kutep

[kub] 5* (Developing). 44,600 in Nigeria (2000). Total users in all countries: 47,600.

Limbum

[lmp] 5* (Developing). Few in Nigeria (Crozier and Blench 1992).

Mada

[mda] 5* (Developing). 100,000 (1993 SIL).

Mgbolizhia

[gmz] 5* (Developing). 190,000 (2012 SIL).

Migili

[mgi] 5* (Developing). 40,000 (2006 R. Blench).

Mumuye

[mzm] 5* (Developing). 784,000 (2020).

Ninzo

[nin] 5* (Developing). 50,000 (Blench 2003).

Nya Huba

[hbb] 5* (Developing). 355,000 (2020).

Odual

[odu] 5* (Developing). 18,000 (1989).

Ogbah

[ogc] 5* (Developing). 334,000 (2020).

Pere

[pfe] 5* (Developing).

Piya-Kwonci

[piy] 5* (Developing). 5,000 (1992).

Samba Daka

[ccg] 5* (Developing). 107,000 (2000).

Samba Leko

[ndi] 5* (Developing). 62,000 in Nigeria (2000).

Tamajaq, Tawallammat

[ttq] 5* (Developing). Few in Nigeria.

Tarok

[yer] 5* (Developing). 520,000 (2020).

Tula

[tul] 5* (Developing). 50,000 (2009 R. Blench).

Umon

[umm] 5* (Developing). 20,000 (1995).

Urhobo

[urh] 5* (Developing). De facto language of provincial identity in Delta and Edo states, elementary education. 1,110,000 (2020).

Wandala

[mfi] 5* (Developing). 20,000 in Nigeria (1993). 10,000 Gamargu, 9,300 Kirawa.

Wapan

[juk] 5* (Developing). 100,000 (1994 UBS).

Yamba

[yam] 5* (Developing). Few in Nigeria (1990 R. Blench).

Agwagwune

[yay] 5 (Developing). 20,000 (1973 SIL).

Anaang

[anw] 5 (Developing). 2,890,000 (2020).

Atsam

[cch] 5 (Developing). 30,000 (Barrett 1982).

Berom

[bom] 5 (Developing). 1,320,000 (2020).

Bete-Bendi

[btt] 5 (Developing). 100,000 (2006 L. Otronyi), increasing. Some elderly monolinguals.

Bisã

[bqp] 5 (Developing). 15,000 (2015 R. Jones). 20,000 ethnic Laaru, Lupa and Kambari.

Boko

[bqc] 5 (Developing). 50,000 in Nigeria (2012 R. Jones).

Bokobaru

[bus] 5 (Developing). 62,000 (2012 R. Jones). 10,800 in Kaiama, 51,200 in surrounding villages.

Cishingini

[asg] 5 (Developing). 100,000 (2004 SIL).

Ejagham

[etu] 5 (Developing). 67,300 in Nigeria (2000). Total users in all countries: 116,700.

Eleme

[elm] 5 (Developing). 58,000 (1990 UBS). 2,900 monolinguals.

Gokana

[gkn] 5 (Developing). 100,000 (1989).

Gyaazi

[gyz] 5 (Developing). 5,000 (2019 SIL).

Ikwere

[ikw] 5 (Developing). 651,000 (2020), increasing.

Izere

[izr] 5 (Developing). 50,000 (1993 SIL).

Kukele

[kez] 5 (Developing). 180,000 (2011 U. Francis), increasing. 45,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 180,000.

Lokaa

[yaz] 5 (Developing). 232,000 (2020).

Mbe

[mfo] 5 (Developing). 65,000 (2011 F. Ekpong). 15,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 65,000.

Ngas

[anc] 5 (Developing). 693,000 (2020).

Nigerian Sign Language

[nsi] 5 (Developing). 800,000 (2021 DBS/DOOR/SIL). Estimated 600,000–1,000,000 deaf signers, based on 0.3%–0.5% of the general population.

Obolo

[ann] 5 (Developing). 250,000 (2012 U. Aaron), increasing.

Tiyaa

[tyy] 5 (Developing). 6,000 (2020 SIL).

Tsikimba

[kdl] 5 (Developing). 100,000 (2004 SIL).

Tsishingini

[tsw] 5 (Developing). 100,000 (2004 SIL).

ut-Hun

[uth] 5 (Developing). 50,000 (2017 D. Heath).

ut-Ma’in

[gel] 5 (Developing). 36,000 (1992 SIL).

Yala

[yba] 5 (Developing). 278,000 (2020), increasing. 50,000 monolinguals.

5 (Dispersed)

Baatonum

[bba] 5* (Dispersed). 100,000 in Nigeria (1995 R. Jones).

Dendi

[ddn] 5 (Dispersed). 2,050 in Nigeria (2000).

Fulfulde, Adamawa

[fub] 5 (Dispersed). De facto language of provincial identity in Adamwa and Taraba states. 7,610,000 all Fulfulde in Nigeria (1991 SIL).

Mafa

[maf] 5* (Dispersed). 4,910 in Nigeria (2000).

6a (Vigorous)

Abanglekuo

[bzy] 6a (Vigorous). 65,000 (Faraclas 1989).

Abanyom

[abm] 6a (Vigorous). 12,500 (1986).

Abishi

[pcn] 6a (Vigorous). 8,100 (2013 SIL).

Abua

[abn] 6a* (Vigorous). 25,000 (Faraclas 1989).

Abureni

[mgj] 6a* (Vigorous). Ethnic population: 4,000 (2006 J. Leclerc).

Acipa, Eastern

[acp] 6a* (Vigorous). 5,000 (1993).

Adara

[kad] 6a (Vigorous). 300,000 (2011 SIL).

Afade

[aal] 6a* (Vigorous).

Agatu

[agc] 6a* (Vigorous). 70,000 (1987 UBS).

Agoi

[ibm] 6a* (Vigorous). 12,000 (Faraclas 1989).

Ahwai

[nfd] 6a (Vigorous). 18,000 (2008 M. Rueck, K. Hannelová, and Z. Yoder). 3,400 Anyeng, 3,600 Andung, and 11,000 Shakara (2008 M. Rueck, K. Hannelová, and Z. Yoder).

Ajiya

[idc] 6a (Vigorous). 5,000 (Blench 2011).

Akpa

[akf] 6a* (Vigorous). 26,900 (2000).

Akpes

[ibe] 6a* (Vigorous). 10,000 (Crozier and Blench 1992).

Akuku

[ayk] 6a* (Vigorous).

Alago

[ala] 6a* (Vigorous). 100,000 (Blench 2019).

Amo

[amo] 6a* (Vigorous). 12,300 (2000).

Áncá

[acb] 6a* (Vigorous). Ethnic population: 300 (2006 J. Leclerc).

Aninka

[aqk] 6a (Vigorous). 500 (2020 SIL).

Arigidi

[aqg] 6a* (Vigorous). 48,000 (Crozier and Blench 1992). 45,000 Igashi; 3,000 Uro.

Arum

[aab] 6a (Vigorous). 10,000 (Decker et al 2021g).

Ashe

[ahs] 6a (Vigorous). 40,000 (2012 J. Barnhoorn), increasing.

Baan

[bvj] 6a* (Vigorous). 5,000 (1990).

Bali

[bcn] 6a (Vigorous). 2,000 (1991 R. Blench).

Bankal

[jjr] 6a* (Vigorous). 75,000 (2011 SIL).

Bata

[bta] 6a (Vigorous). 302,000 in Nigeria (2020). Total users in all countries: 304,500.

Batu

[btu] 6a* (Vigorous). 25,000 (SIL).

Bekwarra

[bkv] 6a (Vigorous). 100,000 (1989 SIL).

Belning

[glb] 6a (Vigorous). 500 (2020 SIL).

Bena

[yun] 6a* (Vigorous). 95,000 (1992).

Bijim

[jbm] 6a (Vigorous). 10,000 (2020 SIL).

Bina

[byj] 6a (Vigorous). 7,000 (2000).

Biseni

[ije] 6a* (Vigorous). 4,800 (Voegelin and Voegelin 1977).

Bitare

[brt] 6a* (Vigorous). 46,300 in Nigeria (Blench 2003). Total users in all countries: 52,300.

Boga

[bvw] 6a* (Vigorous). 10,000 (Blench and Zeitlyn 1990).

Boghom

[bux] 6a* (Vigorous). 50,000 (1973 SIL).

Bokyi

[bky] 6a (Vigorous). 275,000 in Nigeria (2020). Total users in all countries: 282,900.

Bole

[bol] 6a* (Vigorous). 228,000 (2020).

[zbu] 6a (Vigorous). 3,000 (2019 SIL).

[jid] 6a (Vigorous). 20,000 (2017 SIL).

Bukpe

[ukp] 6a (Vigorous). 21,500 (2013 SIL).

Bumaji

[byp] 6a (Vigorous). 11,400 (2000).

Burak

[bys] 6a* (Vigorous). 4,000 (Crozier and Blench 1992).

Cahungwarya

[nat] 6a (Vigorous). 20,000 (2003 SIL).

Cakfem-Mushere

[cky] 6a (Vigorous). 5,000 (1990 SIL).

Cicipu

[awc] 6a* (Vigorous). 20,000 (1995 CAPRO).

C’Lela

[dri] 6a (Vigorous). 90,000 (1993 SIL).

Dadiya

[dbd] 6a (Vigorous). 70,000 (2014 SIL).

Dass

[dot] 6a* (Vigorous). 8,830 (1971 census). 1,130 Lukshi, 4,700 Durr-Baraza, 700 Wandi and Zumbul, 2,300 Dot (1971 census).

Degema

[deg] 6a* (Vigorous). 10,000 (1999 SIL).

Dghwede

[dgh] 6a* (Vigorous). 30,000 (1980 UBS).

Dibo

[dio] 6a* (Vigorous). 215,000 (2020).

Diri

[dwa] 6a* (Vigorous). 7,200 (2000).

Doka

[dbi] 6a* (Vigorous). 11,400 (2000).

Dong

[doh] 6a* (Vigorous). 5,000 (1998 R. Blench).

Duhwa

[kbz] 6a (Vigorous). 3,000 (Decker et al 2021h).

Duwai

[dbp] 6a* (Vigorous). 11,400 (2000).

Ebughu

[ebg] 6a* (Vigorous). 5,000 (1988).

Efai

[efa] 6a* (Vigorous). 6,320 in Nigeria (2000). Total users in all countries: 7,210.

Efutop

[ofu] 6a (Vigorous). 10,000 (1973 SIL).

Eggon

[ego] 6a* (Vigorous). 268,000 (2020).

Ehueun

[ehu] 6a* (Vigorous). 14,200 (2000).

Ekajuk

[eka] 6a (Vigorous). 63,000 (Yoder et al 2008).

Eki

[eki] 6a* (Vigorous). 5,000 (Crozier and Blench 1992).

Ekit

[eke] 6a (Vigorous). 443,000 (2020).

Ekpeye

[ekp] 6a* (Vigorous). 30,000 (1973 SIL).

Elege

[alf] 6a (Vigorous). 16,300 (2013 SIL).

Engenni

[enn] 6a* (Vigorous). 20,000 (1980 UBS).

Enwan

[env] 6a* (Vigorous). Ethnic population: 14,000 (2006 J. Leclerc).

Enwan

[enw] 6a* (Vigorous). 15,000 (1998 B. Connell).

Epie

[epi] 6a (Vigorous). 140,000 (2021 SIL).

Esan

[ish] 6a* (Vigorous). 651,000 (2020).

Esimbi

[ags] 6a* (Vigorous).

Etebi

[etb] 6a* (Vigorous). 15,000 (1989).

Etkywan

[ich] 6a* (Vigorous). 50,200 (2000).

Etulo

[utr] 6a* (Vigorous). 10,000 (1988 R. Shain).

Evant

[bzz] 6a (Vigorous). 10,000 in Nigeria (1996 SIL). Total users in all countries: 11,000.

Fali Muchella

[fli] 6a (Vigorous). 25,000 (2010 Z. Yoder et al.). 5,500 in the language area; 5,000 outside, many of whom return each summer.

Firan

[fir] 6a (Vigorous). 5,000 (2019 SIL).

Fum

[fum] 6a* (Vigorous).

Fungwa

[ula] 6a (Vigorous). 3,000 (Decker et al 2021k).

Fyer

[fie] 6a* (Vigorous). 26,100 (2000).

Gaa

[ttb] 6a* (Vigorous). 10,000 (1997 R. Boyd).

Gade

[ged] 6a* (Vigorous). 72,100 (2000).

Galambu

[glo] 6a* (Vigorous). Ethnic population: 25,000 (2006 J. Leclerc).

Gbari

[gby] 6a (Vigorous). 550,000 (2020).

Gengle

[geg] 6a* (Vigorous). 4,000.

Ghotuo

[aaa] 6a* (Vigorous). 9,000 (1994).

Giiwo

[kks] 6a* (Vigorous). 14,000 (1998 SIL).

Glavda

[glw] 6a* (Vigorous). 28,500 in Nigeria (2000). Total users in all countries: 31,300.

Gudu

[gdu] 6a* (Vigorous). 5,000 (1993).

Guduf-Gava

[gdf] 6a* (Vigorous). 55,900 (2000).

Gupa-Abawa

[gpa] 6a* (Vigorous). 15,000 (1989 R. Blench). 10,000 or more Gupa, 5,000 Abawa.

Gvoko

[ngs] 6a* (Vigorous). 20,000 in Nigeria (1990). Total users in all countries: 21,000.

Gwak

[jgk] 6a (Vigorous). 70,000 (2011 SIL).

Gwandara

[gwn] 6a* (Vigorous). 27,300 (2000).

Gyem

[gye] 6a (Vigorous). 2,000 (Blench 2019).

Gyong

[kdm] 6a* (Vigorous). 25,400 (2000).

Hasha

[ybj] 6a (Vigorous). 5,000 (Decker et al 2021i). Ethnic population: 5,000 (Decker et al 2021i).

Hausa Sign Language

[hsl] 6a (Vigorous). 20,000 (2021 DBS/DOOR/SIL). Estimated 12,000–24,000, assuming 0.3%–0.6% of total Hausa population.

Hohumono

[bcs] 6a (Vigorous). 30,000 (1989).

Horom

[hoe] 6a (Vigorous). 1,500 (1998 R. Blench).

Hwana

[hwo] 6a* (Vigorous). 32,000 (1992).

Hyam

[jab] 6a* (Vigorous). 300,000 (2014 NBTT).

Ibaas

[cen] 6a (Vigorous). Ethnic population: 50,000 (2006 J. Leclerc).

Ibani

[iby] 6a* (Vigorous). 60,000 (1989 UBS).

Ibino

[ibn] 6a (Vigorous). 10,000 (Faraclas 1989).

Ibuoro

[ibr] 6a* (Vigorous). 5,000 (1988).

Iceve-Maci

[bec] 6a (Vigorous). 5,000 in Nigeria (1990).

Idere

[ide] 6a* (Vigorous). 5,000 (1988).

Idesa

[ids] 6a* (Vigorous). 5,690 (2000).

Igede

[ige] 6a* (Vigorous). 461,000 (2020).

Igwe

[igw] 6a* (Vigorous). 47,800 (2000).

Ihievbe

[ihi] 6a* (Vigorous).

Iko

[iki] 6a (Vigorous). 5,000 (1988).

Ikpeshi

[ikp] 6a* (Vigorous). 5,320 (2000).

Iku-Gora-Ankwa

[ikv] 6a (Vigorous). Ethnic population: 13,000 (2006 J. Leclerc).

Ikulu

[ikl] 6a* (Vigorous). 50,000 (1998).

Itang

[uta] 6a (Vigorous). 15,000 (2006 SIL).

Ito

[itw] 6a* (Vigorous). 5,000 (1988).

Itu Mbon Uzo

[itm] 6a* (Vigorous). 5,000 (1988).

Iyayu

[iya] 6a* (Vigorous). 24,700 (2000).

Jara

[jaf] 6a* (Vigorous). 46,300 (2000).

Jere

[jer] 6a (Vigorous). 64,000 (1995 CAPRO). 15,000 Buji, 15,000 Gusu, 30,000 Jere, 4,000 Ribina.

Jiru

[jrr] 6a* (Vigorous). 3,420 (2000).

Kaan

[ldl] 6a* (Vigorous). 10,000 (1992).

Kadung

[dkg] 6a (Vigorous). 18,000 (2020 SIL).

Kakanda

[kka] 6a* (Vigorous). 20,000 (1989 R. Blench).

Kam

[kdx] 6a* (Vigorous). 5,000 (1993).

Kamantan

[kci] 6a* (Vigorous). 10,000 (Barrett 1982).

Kami

[kmi] 6a* (Vigorous). 5,000 (Crozier and Blench 1992).

Kamo

[kcq] 6a* (Vigorous). 20,000 (1995 CAPRO).

Kamuku

[cdr] 6a (Vigorous). 45,000 (2010 Z. Yoder et al.).

Kanufi

[kni] 6a* (Vigorous). 10,400 (2000).

Karekare

[kai] 6a* (Vigorous). 385,000 (2020).

Karimjo

[cfg] 6a* (Vigorous). 11,400 (2000).

Khana

[ogo] 6a (Vigorous). 434,000 (2020).

Kibaku

[ckl] 6a (Vigorous). 200,000 (2014 NBTT).

Kinuku

[kkd] 6a (Vigorous). 3,000 (2016 R. Blench).

Kirya-Konzel

[fkk] 6a* (Vigorous). 5,800 (2011 SIL).

Koenoem

[kcs] 6a (Vigorous). 3,000 (2016 R. Blench).

Kofyar

[kwl] 6a (Vigorous). 110,000 (2000).

Koma

[kmy] 6a* (Vigorous). 32,000 in Nigeria (1989). Total users in all countries: 35,000.

Kono

[klk] 6a* (Vigorous). 5,520 (2000).

Koro Nulu

[vkn] 6a (Vigorous). 4,000 (2020 SIL).

Koro Zuba

[vkz] 6a (Vigorous). 11,000 (2020 SIL).

Korop

[krp] 6a* (Vigorous). 10,200 in Nigeria (Dimmendaal and Voeltz 2007). Total users in all countries: 17,640.

Kpan

[kpk] 6a* (Vigorous). 11,400 (2000).

Kpasham

[pbn] 6a (Vigorous). 3,000.

Kuce

[ruk] 6a (Vigorous). 100,000 (Blench 2003).

Kugama

[kow] 6a* (Vigorous). 5,000 (1995).

Kulere

[kul] 6a* (Vigorous). 15,600 (1990).

Kulung

[bbu] 6a (Vigorous). 40,000 (2012 M. Rueck, Z. Yoder, and K. Hannelová). Elderly are monolingual.

Kumba

[ksm] 6a* (Vigorous). 3,420 (2000).

Kupa

[kug] 6a* (Vigorous). 20,000 (1998 R. Blench).

Kurama

[krh] 6a* (Vigorous). 40,300 (2000).

Kushi

[kuh] 6a* (Vigorous). 11,000 (1995 CAPRO).

Kusur-Myet

[tdl] 6a (Vigorous). 16,000 (Decker et al 2021b).

Kuturmi

[khj] 6a (Vigorous). 10,500 (2000).

Kwaami

[ksq] 6a* (Vigorous). 10,000 (1990).

Kyak

[bka] 6a* (Vigorous). 10,000 (Blench 2019).

Kyoli

[cry] 6a (Vigorous). 7,500 (2019 SIL).

Laka

[ksp] 6a* (Vigorous). 5,000 in Nigeria (1995).

Lala-Roba

[lla] 6a* (Vigorous). 46,000 (1993).

Lamang

[hia] 6a* (Vigorous). 40,000 (1993).

Lame

[bma] 6a* (Vigorous). 10,000 (1995 CAPRO).

Lamja-Dengsa-Tola

[ldh] 6a* (Vigorous). 3,420 (2000).

Leelau

[ldk] 6a* (Vigorous). 5,000 (Adelberger 1995).

Legbo

[agb] 6a (Vigorous). 60,000 (1989).

Lemoro

[ldj] 6a* (Vigorous). 10,000 (1998 CAPRO).

Lenyima

[ldg] 6a* (Vigorous). Ethnic population: 13,000 (2006 J. Leclerc).

Leyigha

[ayi] 6a* (Vigorous). 10,000 (1989).

Lidzonka

[add] 6a* (Vigorous).

Longuda

[lnu] 6a* (Vigorous). 99,000 (2020 Joshua Project).

Lopa

[lop] 6a* (Vigorous). 5,000 (1996 R. Blench).

Lubila

[kcc] 6a* (Vigorous). 11,400 (2000).

Maaka

[mew] 6a* (Vigorous). 10,000 (1993).

Mak

[pbl] 6a* (Vigorous). 5,690 (2000).

Mala

[ruy] 6a* (Vigorous). 6,630 (2000).

Mambila, Nigeria

[mzk] 6a* (Vigorous). 99,000 (1993).

Marghi Central

[mrt] 6a* (Vigorous). 237,000 (2020). Madube: 4,000, Mulgwe: 6,000 (2014 SIL).

Marghi South

[mfm] 6a* (Vigorous). Ethnic population: 166,000 (2006 J. Leclerc). 135,000 in Marghi Central, Marghi South, and Putai languages (1999).

Mbat

[bau] 6a (Vigorous). 40,000 (2006 SIL), increasing.

Mbembe, Cross River

[mfn] 6a (Vigorous). 236,000 (2020).

Mbembe, Tigon

[nza] 6a* (Vigorous). 20,000 in Nigeria (1987).

Mboi

[moi] 6a* (Vigorous). 19,000 (1992).

Mbula-Bwazza

[mbu] 6a (Vigorous). 100,000 (2012 M. Rueck, Z. Yoder, and K. Hannelová).

Mburku

[bbt] 6a* (Vigorous). 12,000 (2000).

Mindat

[mmf] 6a (Vigorous). 1,500 (Decker et al 2021h).

Miship

[mjs] 6a (Vigorous). 30,000 (Decker et al 2021f).

Miya

[mkf] 6a* (Vigorous). 30,000 (1995 CAPRO).

Moo

[gwg] 6a* (Vigorous). 5,000 (1998).

Mvanip

[mcj] 6a (Vigorous). 100 (Blench 1999b).

Nde-Gbite

[ned] 6a* (Vigorous).

Nde-Nsele-Nta

[ndd] 6a (Vigorous). 19,500 (1987). 12,000 Nde, 3,000 Nsele, 4,500 Nta.

Ndoola

[ndr] 6a* (Vigorous). 60,400 in Nigeria (2000). Total users in all countries: 62,520.

Ndunda

[nuh] 6a (Vigorous). 350 (Blench 1999b).

Ngamo

[nbh] 6a* (Vigorous). 60,000 (1993).

Ngizim

[ngi] 6a (Vigorous). 80,000 (1993).

Nikyob-Nindem

[kdp] 6a (Vigorous). 12,000 (2008).

Nkari

[nkz] 6a* (Vigorous). 5,000 (1998 B. Connell).

Nkem-Nkum

[isi] 6a (Vigorous). 51,000 (Yoder et al 2008), increasing. 26,600 Nkem, 24,400 Nkum.

Nkoroo

[nkx] 6a* (Vigorous). 4,550 (1989 UBS).

Nnam

[nbp] 6a (Vigorous). 3,000 (1987 O. Asinya).

Nteng

[nqt] 6a (Vigorous). 3,500 (2020 SIL).

Numana

[nbr] 6a (Vigorous). 50,000 (2008 K. Hannelova et al.).

Nungu

[rin] 6a* (Vigorous). 50,000 (1999).

Nyankpa

[yes] 6a (Vigorous). 70,000 (2012 SIL), increasing.

Nyong

[muo] 6a* (Vigorous).

Obulom

[obu] 6a* (Vigorous). 3,420 (2000).

Ogbia

[ogb] 6a* (Vigorous). 393,000 (2020).

Ogbogolo

[ogg] 6a* (Vigorous). 10,000 (1995).

Ogbronuagum

[ogu] 6a* (Vigorous). 12,000 (2000 E. Kari). Ethnic population: 12,000 (2000 E. Kari).

Oko-Eni-Osayen

[oks] 6a* (Vigorous). 39,300 (2005 census).

Okobo

[okb] 6a (Vigorous). 50,000 (Connell and Hajek 1991).

Okodia

[okd] 6a* (Vigorous). 3,600 (Voegelin and Voegelin 1977).

Okpe

[oke] 6a* (Vigorous). 25,400 (2000).

Okpe

[okx] 6a* (Vigorous). 8,700 (2004).

Oloma

[olm] 6a* (Vigorous).

Oring

[org] 6a* (Vigorous). 75,000 (1989).

Oro

[orx] 6a (Vigorous). 75,000 (1989).

Oruma

[orr] 6a* (Vigorous). 5,000 (1995).

Ososo

[oso] 6a* (Vigorous). 19,000 (2000).

Panawa

[pwb] 6a* (Vigorous). 3,500 (Blench 2003).

Pangseng

[pgs] 6a* (Vigorous).

Pangu

[png] 6a (Vigorous). 30,000 (2003 SIL).

Pero

[pip] 6a* (Vigorous). 25,000 (1995 CAPRO).

Piapung

[pcw] 6a (Vigorous). 3,000 (2016 R. Blench).

Psikye

[kvj] 6a* (Vigorous). 12,000 in Nigeria (1992).

Pye

[pai] 6a (Vigorous). 8,000 (2019 SIL).

Rang

[rax] 6a* (Vigorous).

Rigwe

[iri] 6a* (Vigorous). 40,000 (1985 UBS).

Rogo

[rod] 6a (Vigorous).

Ron

[cla] 6a (Vigorous). 228,000 (2020). 20,000 Shagau (Manguna).

Ruma

[ruz] 6a* (Vigorous). 5,090 (2000).

Sanga

[xsn] 6a* (Vigorous). 15,000 (1995 CAPRO).

Sasaru

[sxs] 6a* (Vigorous). 12,500 (2000).

Saya

[say] 6a (Vigorous). 300,000 (2013 SIL). 7,000 Sigidi (1995 CAPRO).

Shall-Zwall

[sha] 6a* (Vigorous). 8,900 (2004).

Shama-Sambuga

[sqa] 6a* (Vigorous). 5,000 (1995 S. and S. Dettweiler).

Shamang

[xsh] 6a* (Vigorous).

Shoo-Minda-Nye

[bcv] 6a* (Vigorous). 10,000 (1973 SIL).

Sorko

[bze] 6a* (Vigorous).

Sukur

[syk] 6a* (Vigorous). 14,800 (1992).

Sya

[scw] 6a (Vigorous). 7,000 (2021 SIL).

Tal

[tal] 6a (Vigorous). 10,000 (1973 SIL).

Tanjijili

[uji] 6a* (Vigorous). 8,540 (2000).

Tedaga

[tuq] 6a* (Vigorous). 2,000 in Nigeria (Blench and Zeitlyn 1990).

Tee

[tkq] 6a* (Vigorous). 447,000 (2020).

Tehl

[mtl] 6a* (Vigorous). 21,900 (1990).

Teme

[tdo] 6a* (Vigorous). 4,000 (1995).

Tera

[ttr] 6a* (Vigorous). 101,000 (2000).

Tita

[tdq] 6a* (Vigorous). 3,420 (2000).

Tso

[ldp] 6a* (Vigorous). 16,000 (1992 CAPRO).

Tsuvadi

[tvd] 6a (Vigorous). 130,000 (2011 M. Hansley).

Tugbiri-Niragu

[grh] 6a (Vigorous). 25,000 (2000), increasing.

Tyap

[kcg] 6a (Vigorous). 255,000 (2020).

Ubaghara

[byc] 6a* (Vigorous). 30,000 (1985 UBS). 24,000 Biakpan.

Ubang

[uba] 6a (Vigorous). 11,100 (2013 SIL).

Uda

[uda] 6a* (Vigorous). 10,000 (1988).

Uhami

[uha] 6a* (Vigorous). 13,600 (2000).

Ukaan

[kcf] 6a* (Vigorous). 18,000 (1973 SIL).

Ukpet-Ehom

[akd] 6a* (Vigorous). 11,400 (2000).

Ukue

[uku] 6a* (Vigorous). 14,100 (2000).

Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni

[ukw] 6a* (Vigorous). 315,000 (2020).

Ulukwumi

[ulb] 6a* (Vigorous). 10,000 (Crozier and Blench 1992).

us-Saare

[uss] 6a (Vigorous). 60,000 (2017 D. Heath).

Utugwang-Irungene-Afrike

[afe] 6a (Vigorous). 70,000 (2012 L. Otronyi).

Uvbie

[evh] 6a* (Vigorous). 19,800 (2000).

Uzekwe

[eze] 6a (Vigorous). 5,000 (1973 SIL).

Vemgo-Mabas

[vem] 6a* (Vigorous). 10,000 in Nigeria (1993). Total users in all countries: 11,000.

Verre

[ver] 6a* (Vigorous). 104,000 in Nigeria (2000). Total users in all countries: 110,520.

Viti

[vit] 6a* (Vigorous).

Vori

[sde] 6a (Vigorous). 3,000 (2016 R. Blench).

Voro

[vor] 6a* (Vigorous).

Waja

[wja] 6a* (Vigorous). 60,000 (1989 U. Kleinewillinghöfer).

Waka

[wav] 6a* (Vigorous). 5,000 (1992).

Wannu

[jub] 6a* (Vigorous). 4,000.

Wom

[wom] 6a* (Vigorous). 5,000 (Blench 1989).

Yace

[ekr] 6a (Vigorous). 50,000 (2002).

Yendang

[ynq] 6a (Vigorous). 50,000 (1987).

Yotti

[yot] 6a (Vigorous). 3,000 (2011 SIL).

Yukuben

[ybl] 6a* (Vigorous). 15,000 in Nigeria (1992). Total users in all countries: 15,950.

Ywom

[gek] 6a* (Vigorous). 10,000 (2016 R. Blench).

Zarma

[dje] 6a* (Vigorous). 87,800 in Nigeria (2000).

Zhire

[zhi] 6a (Vigorous).

Zizilivakan

[ziz] 6a (Vigorous). 6,000 in Nigeria (2010 Z. Yoder et al.). Total users in all countries: 6,200.

6b (Threatened)

Abon

[abo] 6b* (Threatened). 1,000 (1973 SIL).

Aduge

[adu] 6b* (Threatened). 1,900 (Crozier and Blench 1992).

Àhàn

[ahn] 6b* (Threatened). 300 (2000 R. Blench).

Ajiri

[afo] 6b (Threatened). 100,000 (Decker et al 2021c). Ethnic population: 105,000 (Decker et al 2021c).

Akye

[aik] 6b (Threatened). 4,000 (Decker et al 2021d).

Ambo

[amb] 6b* (Threatened). 1,000.

Asu

[aum] 6b (Threatened). 4,200 (Decker et al 2021e). Ethnic population: 10,000 (Decker et al 2021e).

Atoro

[tdv] 6b (Threatened). 3,500 (Decker et al 2021g).

Ayere

[aye] 6b* (Threatened). 3,000 (Crozier and Blench 1992).

Bade

[bde] 6b (Threatened). 356,000 (2020).

Basa-Gurmana

[buj] 6b* (Threatened). 2,000 (Blench 1987).

Bauchi

[bsf] 6b (Threatened). 20,000 (Blench 1988), decreasing. Ethnic population: 32,000 (Decker et al 2021k). Population is difficult to estimate, especially in the case of the Bauchi, where civil unrest has caused the area unsafe to visit. Many Bauchi people have fled the area as refugees.

Bo-Rukul

[mae] 6b* (Threatened). 2,000 (Blench 1999b). 1,000 in each dialect.

Bukwen

[buz] 6b* (Threatened). 1,000.

Bura-Pabir

[bwr] 6b (Threatened). 507,000 (2020).

Buru

[bqw] 6b* (Threatened). 1,000.

Cineni

[cie] 6b (Threatened). 3,000 (1998).

Ciwogai

[tgd] 6b* (Threatened). 2,000 (1995 CAPRO).

Daba

[dbq] 6b* (Threatened). 1,000 in Nigeria (Crozier and Blench 1992).

Deno

[dbb] 6b (Threatened). 6,000 (1995 CAPRO).

Dirim

[dir] 6b (Threatened). 9,000 (1992 CAPRO).

Doko-Uyanga

[uya] 6b (Threatened). 200.

Dungu

[dbv] 6b* (Threatened). 1,100 (2000).

Duya

[ldb] 6b (Threatened). 78,000 (2012 W. Bai).

Dza

[jen] 6b (Threatened). 100,000 (2014 NBTT).

Fam

[fam] 6b* (Threatened). 1,000 (1984).

Ganang

[gne] 6b (Threatened). 3,000 (2007), decreasing.

Gera

[gew] 6b (Threatened). 200,000 (1995 CAPRO).

Geruma

[gea] 6b (Threatened). 9,030 (2000).

Goemai

[ank] 6b* (Threatened). 380,000 (2020).

Gwa

[gwb] 6b* (Threatened). 980 (2000).

Iguta

[nar] 6b (Threatened). 10,000 (Decker et al 2021a).

Jakattoe

[jrt] 6b (Threatened). 500 (2019 R. Blench).

Janji

[jni] 6b* (Threatened). 1,150 (2000).

[juu] 6b (Threatened). 900 (1993).

Kaivi

[kce] 6b* (Threatened). 2,320 (2000).

Kapya

[klo] 6b (Threatened). 200 (2004).

Kariya

[kil] 6b* (Threatened). 2,000 (1995 CAPRO).

Kholok

[ktc] 6b* (Threatened). 2,500 (Voegelin and Voegelin 1977).

Kir-Balar

[kkr] 6b* (Threatened). 3,050 (1993).

Kofa

[kso] 6b* (Threatened). 1,100 (2003).

Koro Wachi

[bqv] 6b (Threatened). 106,000 (2006 SIL).

Kugbo

[kes] 6b* (Threatened). 2,000 (1973 SIL).

Kutto

[kpa] 6b* (Threatened). 3,000 (1995).

Kwa

[kwb] 6b (Threatened). 7,000 (1992).

Kyanga

[tye] 6b (Threatened). 14,000 in Nigeria (2015 R. Jones). Ethnic population: 200,000. Total users in all countries: 15,000.

Laru

[lan] 6b* (Threatened). 5,000 (1995 R. Jones).

Loo

[ldo] 6b (Threatened). 8,000 (Crozier and Blench 1992).

Mághdì

[gmd] 6b* (Threatened). 2,000 (1992).

Mangas

[zns] 6b* (Threatened). 100 (1995 CAPRO).

Mashi

[jms] 6b* (Threatened). 1,000.

Mbongno

[bgu] 6b* (Threatened). 3,000 in Nigeria (Blench 1999b).

Mingang Doso

[mko] 6b* (Threatened). 3,000 (1995 SIL).

Ndoe

[nbb] 6b (Threatened). 7,340 (2000).

Nggwahyi

[ngx] 6b* (Threatened). 2,000 (1995).

Nkukoli

[nbo] 6b* (Threatened). 10,000 (1973 SIL).

Nyam

[nmi] 6b* (Threatened). Ethnic population: 100 (2006 J. Leclerc).

Nzanyi

[nja] 6b (Threatened). 77,000 in Nigeria (1993). Total users in all countries: 86,000.

Okpamheri

[opa] 6b (Threatened). 91,500 (2021 IMB).

Olulumo-Ikom

[iko] 6b (Threatened). 30,000 (Faraclas 1989). 5,000 Olulumo, 25,000 Ikom.

Pa’a

[pqa] 6b (Threatened). 8,000 (1995 CAPRO).

Polci

[plj] 6b (Threatened). 22,000 (1995 CAPRO). 2,000 Zul (1995), 4,000 Buli (1993), 400 Langas (1993), 15,000 Polci, 250 Baram (1993), 800 Dir (1993).

Reshe

[res] 6b (Threatened). 44,000 (1993 SIL).

Rom

[tdk] 6b (Threatened). 2,000 (2019 SIL).

Shanga

[sho] 6b (Threatened). 5,400 (2015 R. Jones). Ethnic population: 20,000 (2010 R. Jones). There is ethnic Shanga population speaking Hausa [hau] in Shanga, Dugu Tsofo, and some other villages in Kebbi State between Kaoje and Yauri, Niger river, both sides.

Shuwa-Zamani

[ksa] 6b* (Threatened). 1,000 (1973 SIL).

Tala

[tak] 6b* (Threatened). 1,000 (1993).

Tangale

[tan] 6b (Threatened). 272,000 (2020).

Tha

[thy] 6b* (Threatened). 1,000 (1998 U. Kleinewillinghöfer).

Tsucuba

[cbq] 6b* (Threatened). 1,000 (2014 S. McGill).

Tumi

[kku] 6b* (Threatened). 2,270 (2000).

Tunzuii

[dza] 6b (Threatened). 2,500 (Blench 2003). Ethnic population: 4,500.

Ukwa

[ukq] 6b* (Threatened). 100 (2004).

Uneme

[une] 6b* (Threatened). 19,800 (2000).

Usaghade

[usk] 6b* (Threatened).

Vono

[kch] 6b* (Threatened). 500 (1973 SIL).

Vute

[vut] 6b* (Threatened). 1,000 in Nigeria (1973 SIL).

Wãpha

[juw] 6b (Threatened). 1,610 (2000).

Warji

[wji] 6b (Threatened). 77,700 (2000).

Yedina

[bdm] 6b* (Threatened). 3,000 in Nigeria.

Zangwal

[zah] 6b* (Threatened). 100 (1993).

Zumbun

[jmb] 6b* (Threatened). 2,000 (1995 CAPRO).

7 (Shifting)

Ayu

[ayu] 7 (Shifting). 800 (2003 SIL).

Baangi

[bqx] 7 (Shifting). 14,000 (Decker et al 2021j). Ethnic population: 28,000 (Decker et al 2021j).

Bille

[bil] 7 (Shifting). 38,000 (2012 M. Rueck, Z. Yoder, and K. Hannelová). Elderly are monolingual. Ethnic population: 42,000.

Cara

[cfd] 7 (Shifting). 3,000 (1999 R. Blench). Ethnic population: 7,000 (2019 SIL).

Duguri

[dbm] 7 (Shifting). 65,000 (2008 M. Rueck), decreasing.

Eruwa

[erh] 7 (Shifting). 850 (Ekiugbo and Diffre-Odiete 2018). Ethnic population: 2,000 (Ekiugbo and Diffre-Odiete 2018).

Hõne

[juh] 7 (Shifting). 7,000 (Storch 1999). Ethnic population: Much more than 7,000 (Storch 1999).

Ilue

[ilv] 7 (Shifting). 5,000 (1988), decreasing.

Jimi

[jmi] 7 (Shifting). 1,000 (1995 CAPRO).

Mama

[mma] 7 (Shifting). 2,000 (2011).

8a (Moribund)

Gurmana

[gvm] 8a (Moribund). 3,000 (1989).

Guruntum-Mbaaru

[grd] 8a (Moribund). 15,000 (1993).

Hya

[hya] 8a (Moribund). 2,000 in Nigeria (2008 SIL).

Iyive

[uiv] 8a (Moribund). 1,000 in Nigeria (Crozier and Blench 1992).

Jiba

[juo] 8a (Moribund). 2,000 (Voegelin and Voegelin 1977).

Kiong

[kkm] 8a (Moribund). 100 (2004). Ethnic population: 570.

Labir

[jku] 8a (Moribund). 500 (2008 E. Hannelova et al.), decreasing. Ethnic population: 13,000.

Lufu

[ldq] 8a (Moribund). Ethnic population: 3,200 (2006 J. Leclerc).

Ngwaba

[ngw] 8a (Moribund). 10,000 (1993 CAPRO).

Pyam

[pym] 8a (Moribund). 31,000 (1996 census).

Shiki

[gua] 8a (Moribund). Ethnic population: 1,200 (2006 J. Leclerc).

Siri

[sir] 8a (Moribund). Ethnic population: 3,800 (2006 J. Leclerc).

8b (Nearly extinct)

Akum

[aku] 8b (Nearly extinct).

Bete

[byf] 8b (Nearly extinct). 50 (1992). Ethnic population: 3,000.

Bure

[bvh] 8b (Nearly extinct). 20 (Batic 2011), decreasing. Ethnic population: 500.

Defaka

[afn] 8b (Nearly extinct). 200 (2001 R. Blench).

Dulbu

[dbo] 8b (Nearly extinct). 100 (1993).

Gwamhi-Wuri

[bga] 8b (Nearly extinct). 16,000 (2000).

Izora

[cbo] 8b (Nearly extinct). 19 (2016 R. Blench). Ethnic population: 3,000 (Blench 2019).

Jilbe

[jie] 8b (Nearly extinct). 100 (1999 H. Tourneux).

Kudu-Camo

[kov] 8b (Nearly extinct). 42 (1990 M. Bross). Ethnic population: 2,000 (Dimmendaal and Voeltz 2007).

Odut

[oda] 8b (Nearly extinct). 20 (1980 R. Blench). May be extinct (Dimmendaal and Voeltz 2007).

Putai

[mfl] 8b (Nearly extinct). 50.

Sambe

[xab] 8b (Nearly extinct). 2 (Blench 2019).

Sheni

[scv] 8b (Nearly extinct). 6 (2004 R. Blench). Ethnic population: 1,500.

Somyev

[kgt] 8b (Nearly extinct). 15 (2000 B. Connell).

Yangkam

[bsx] 8b (Nearly extinct). 100 (1996 R. Blench).

9 (Dormant)

Bakpinka

[bbs] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Last speakers probably survived into the early 2010s. Ethnic population: 4,000 (2006 J. Leclerc).

Bassa-Kontagora

[bsr] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Last speakers may have survived to the early 2000s. Ethnic population: 30,000.

Damakawa

[dam] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Last fluent speakers probably survived into the late 20th century. Ethnic population: 750.

Gamo-Ningi

[bte] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the early 1980s. Ethnic population: 15,000 (Crozier and Blench 1992).

Kubi

[kof] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. The last speaker either died or shifted to Hausa [hau] by 1940 (Ogbonna 2016). Ethnic population: 1,500 (1995 CAPRO).

Lere

[gnh] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers (2018 R. Blench). Ethnic population: 16,300 (2000).

Njerep

[njr] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers (Connell and Zeitlyn 2000). The last fluent speaker, Wajiri Bi, died in 1998. 6 rememberers (Connell and Zeitlyn 2000).

Zeem

[zua] 9 (Dormant). No known L1 speakers. Last speakers may have survived into the 2000s.

9 (Reawakening)

Zari

[zaz] 9 (Reawakening). No known L1 speakers, but emerging L2 speakers. The last speaker died by the year 2000 (Campbell and Belew 2018). Ethnic population: 20,700 (2000 CAPRO). 20,000 Zakshi (1995 CAPRO), 1,000 Boto (Gunn 1953).

9 (Second language only)

Barikanchi

[bxo] 9 (Second language only). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: No ethnic community.

Gibanawa

[gib] 9 (Second language only). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: No ethnic community.

Tarjumo

[txj] 9 (Second language only). No known L1 speakers. Ethnic population: No ethnic community.

10 (Extinct)

Ajawa

[ajw] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers. The last speaker either died or shifted to Hausa [hau] by 1940 (Ogbonna 2016).

Basa-Gumna

[bsl] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers. The last fluent speaker shifted to Hausa [hau] by 1987.

Beele

[bxq] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers. Reported to have 120 speakers in 1922 (Temple and Temple 1922).

Centúúm

[cet] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers. Last speaker likely died around 2010, when a search failed to find any remaining speakers (Blench 2019).

Fali of Baissa

[fah] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers. Few left (Crozier and Blench 1992). Last speakers may have survived into the 2000s.

Holma

[hod] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker survived into the early 1990s (1987 R. Blench).

Kpati

[koc] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers. Extinct by 1980s.

Luri

[ldd] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived through the first decade of the 2000s (Caron 2004).

O’chi’chi’

[xoc] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers. The last speakers survived into the 2000s (2003 R. Blench).

Shau

[sqh] 10 (Extinct). No known L1 speakers. 1 old man in 1975 (Sommer 1992). Last speaker probably survived into the 1980s.

Unestablished

Arabic, North Levantine Spoken

[apc] Unestablished. 62,000 in Nigeria (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Chinese, Mandarin

[cmn] Unestablished. 3,800 in Nigeria (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Chinese, Wu

[wuu] Unestablished. 5,600 in Nigeria (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Chinese, Yue

[yue] Unestablished. 9,400 in Nigeria (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

French

[fra] Unestablished. 8,300 in Nigeria (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

German, Standard

[deu] Unestablished. 4,100 in Nigeria (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Tagalog

[tgl] Unestablished. 21,000 in Nigeria (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity.

Unattested

Mawa

[wma] Unattested.

Nshi

[nsc] Unattested.

Nigeria

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