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Polish
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A language of
Poland
Location
Widespread.
Also spoken in:
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Argentina
Language Name
Polish
User Population
198,000 in Argentina (2018), based on nationality.
Language Status
Unestablished.
Other Comments
Non-indigenous.
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Australia
Language Name
Polish
User Population
48,100 in Australia (2016 census).
Language Status
Unestablished.
Other Comments
Non-indigenous.
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Austria
Language Name
Polish
User Population
30,600 in Austria (2003 UNSD).
Language Status
Unestablished.
Other Comments
Non-indigenous.
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Azerbaijan
Language Name
Polish
User Population
1,000 in Azerbaijan (Leclerc 2017b).
Language Status
Unestablished.
Other Comments
Non-indigenous.
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Belarus
Language Name
Polish
User Population
4,220 in Belarus (2011 census). Most Poles in Belarus speak Belarusan [bel] or Russian [rus] as their L1. Ethnic population: 295,000 (2009 census).
Language Status
Unestablished.
Other Comments
Non-indigenous.
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Belgium
Language Name
Polish
User Population
97,200 in Belgium (2020 census), based on nationality.
Language Status
Unestablished.
Other Comments
Non-indigenous.
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Brazil
Language Name
Polish
User Population
7,670 in Brazil (2020 Registro Nacional Migratório no Brasil), based on nationality.
Language Status
Unestablished.
Other Comments
Non-indigenous.
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Canada
Language Name
Polish
User Population
182,000 in Canada (2016 census).
Language Status
Unestablished.
Other Comments
Non-indigenous.
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Cyprus
Language Name
Polish
User Population
2,810 in Cyprus (2013 UNSD).
Language Status
Unestablished.
Other Comments
Non-indigenous.
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Czechia
Language Name
Polish
User Population
33,600 in Czechia (2011 census).
Location
Moravia-Silesia region: eastern Frydek-Mistek; Karviná district.
Alternate Names
Polština
Language Status
5* (Dispersed). Recognized language (2001, National Minority Rights Act No. 273, Article 2).
Other Comments
Christian.
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Denmark
Language Name
Polish
User Population
41,500 in Denmark (2020 census), based on nationality.
Language Status
Unestablished.
Other Comments
Non-indigenous.
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Finland
Language Name
Polish
User Population
5,440 in Finland (2018 census).
Language Status
Unestablished.
Other Comments
Non-indigenous.
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Germany
Language Name
Polish
User Population
867,000 in Germany (2020 census), based on nationality.
Location
Brandenburg and Sachsen states: Silesia area; Nordrhein-Westfalen state: Ruhr area.
Alternate Names
Polnisch
Language Status
5* (Dispersed).
Other Comments
Non-indigenous. Christian.
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Greece
Language Name
Polish
User Population
14,100 in Greece (2011 census), based on nationality.
Language Status
Unestablished.
Other Comments
Non-indigenous.
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Hungary
Language Name
Polish
User Population
3,050 in Hungary (2011 census). Ethnic population: 5,730 (2011 census).
Location
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén and Budapest counties.
Alternate Names
Lengyel
Language Status
5* (Dispersed).
Language Use
Also use Hungarian [hun]. Probably all L1 speakers.
Other Comments
Non-indigenous.
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Iceland
Language Name
Polish
User Population
9,110 in Iceland (2008 census).
Language Status
Unestablished.
Other Comments
Non-indigenous.
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Ireland
Language Name
Polish
User Population
4,030 in Ireland (2016 census).
Language Status
Unestablished.
Other Comments
Non-indigenous.
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Israel
Language Name
Polish
User Population
124,000 in Israel (Leclerc 2018a). Ethnic population: 272,000.
Location
HaDarom district: ’Afula; HaZafon district: Nahalal area.
Language Status
5* (Dispersed).
Language Use
Also use Hebrew [heb].
Other Comments
Non-indigenous. Jewish.
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Kazakhstan
Language Name
Polish
User Population
3,160 in Kazakhstan (2009 census). Ethnic population: 34,100 (2009 census).
Language Status
Unestablished.
Other Comments
Non-indigenous.
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Latvia
Language Name
Polish
User Population
40,400 in Latvia (2018).
Language Status
Unestablished.
Other Comments
Non-indigenous.
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Lithuania
Language Name
Polish
User Population
618,000 in Lithuania, all users. L1 users: 164,000 in Lithuania (2015 census), based on nationality. L2 users: 454,000 (European Commission 2006).
Location
Alytaus, Kauno, Marijampoles, and Vilniaus counties.
Alternate Names
Lenku
Language Status
5* (Dispersed).
Language Use
Used as L2 by Lithuanian [lit].
Other Comments
Non-indigenous.
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Luxembourg
Language Name
Polish
User Population
2,140 in Luxembourg (2011 census).
Language Status
Unestablished.
Other Comments
Non-indigenous.
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Netherlands
Language Name
Polish
User Population
32,200 in Netherlands (2019).
Language Status
Unestablished.
Other Comments
Non-indigenous.
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New Zealand
Language Name
Polish
User Population
2,620 in New Zealand (2013 census).
Language Status
Unestablished.
Other Comments
Non-indigenous.
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Norway
Language Name
Polish
User Population
117,000 in Norway (2021 census), based on nationality.
Language Status
Unestablished.
Other Comments
Non-indigenous.
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Romania
Language Name
Polish
User Population
2,080 in Romania (2011 census). Ethnic population: 2,540 (2011 census).
Location
Suceava county.
Language Status
5* (Dispersed). Recognized language (2007, National Minority Status Law, Article 3(2)).
Other Comments
Non-indigenous. Christian.
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Russian Federation
Language Name
Polish
User Population
67,400 in Russian Federation (2010 census).
Location
Rostov province (Masurian dialect).
Dialects
Masurian (Mazurian, Mazurski).
Language Status
5* (Dispersed).
Other Comments
Non-indigenous.
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Serbia
Language Name
Polish
User Population
29,000 in Serbia (Leclerc 2020c).
Language Status
Unestablished.
Other Comments
Non-indigenous.
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Slovakia
Language Name
Polish
User Population
3,120 in Slovakia (2013 UNSD).
Location
Scattered.
Language Status
6b* (Threatened).
Other Comments
Non-indigenous. Christian.
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Spain
Language Name
Polish
User Population
51,800 in Spain (2020 census), based on nationality.
Language Status
Unestablished.
Other Comments
Non-indigenous.
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Sweden
Language Name
Polish
User Population
53,800 in Sweden (2020 census), based on nationality.
Language Status
Unestablished.
Other Comments
Non-indigenous.
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Ukraine
Language Name
Polish
User Population
18,700 in Ukraine (2001 census). Ethnic population: 144,000 (2001 census).
Location
Lviv region: 3 small interior enclaves.
Language Status
7 (Shifting). Recognized language (2004, Law, Status of Indigenous Peoples of Ukraine, Article 1(5)), protected language.
Language Use
Shifting to Ukrainian [ukr].
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United Kingdom
Language Name
Polish
User Population
618,000 in United Kingdom (2011 census). England and Wales 546,000, Scotland 54,000, Northern Ireland 18,000.
Language Status
Unestablished.
Other Comments
Non-indigenous.
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United States
Language Name
Polish
User Population
580,000 in United States (2015 census).
Location
Scattered.
Language Status
Unestablished.
Language Use
Many also use English [eng].
Other Comments
Non-indigenous. Includes about 2,000 Polish-speaking Muslim Tatar families, mainly in Brooklyn. Christian, Muslim.
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Uzbekistan
Language Name
Polish
User Population
3,300 in Uzbekistan (2019).
Language Status
Unestablished.
Other Comments
Non-indigenous.
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