Literacy rate in L2: Very low. Girls and women especially low. In remote areas, few children, especially girls, are able to attend school. Near cities, a sharp increase in the next generation attending school. The Afghanistan Ministry of Education has produced Turkmen language textbooks for first through twelfth grades. But as of Nevember 2021, these materials had not yet distributed to the schools. Taught as subject in some primary schools in grades 1–3.
