Cameroon
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Afade
[aal] Far North region: Logone-and-Chari division, south Makari subdivision, Afade area. Users: 5,000 in Cameroon (Tourneux 2004). 40,000 all Kotoko languages (Tourneux 2004). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Afadeh, Affade, Mandagué. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, B, B.1, Kotoko Proper, North.
Aghem
[agq] North West region: Menchum division, Wum Central subdivision, Wum area. Users: 39,100 (2005 SIL), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Wum, Yum. Autonym: Aghɨ̂m. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Ring, West.
Ajumbu
[muc] North West region: Menchum division, Wum subdivision, Ajumbu village northeast of Wum. Users: 200 (Good et al 2011). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ajuh Mbuh, Du Adzu, Mbu’. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Yemne-Kimbi.
Akoose
[bss] Littoral region: Moungo division, Manjo subdivision; South West region: Koupé-Muanenguba division, Bangem, Nguti, and Tombel subdivisions. Users: 100,000 (2001 SIL), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Akose, Akosi, Bafaramani, Bakosi, Bakossi, Bekoose, Koose, Kosi, Kosse, Kossi, Manenguba, Ngoe, Nkoosi, Nkosi. Autonym: Akoose. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Lundu-Balong (A.15C).
Akum
[aku] North West region: Menchum division, Furu-Awa subdivision, Nigeria border area, Akum village. Users: 1,400 in Cameroon (2002 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Aakuem, Anyar, Oakuem, Okum. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Jukunoid, Yukuben-Kuteb.
Ambele
[ael] North West region: Momo division, west Widikum-Menka subdivision, 11 villages. Users: 5,000 (2005 SIL). Ethnic population: 6,000 (2001 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ambala, Bata’o, Lembala. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Western Momo.
Arabic, Shuwa
[shu] Far North region: Diamaré, Logone-and-Chari, Mayo-Danay, and Mayo-Sava divisions; along Chari river between Lake Chad and Kousséri, pockets south of Kousséri. Users: 145,000 in Cameroon, all users. L1 users: 75,000 in Cameroon (2005 SIL). L2 users: 70,000 (2013 SIL). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Used as a LWC in the market and media, and in some churches. Originated from the migration of Arabic speakers from Chad to Cameroon from colonial period until present. Alternate Names: Arabe Choa, Chadian Spoken Arabic, Choa, Shoa, Shoa Arabic, Shua, Western Sudanic Arabic. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
Atong
[ato] North West region: Momo division, extreme northwest Widikum-Menka subdivision, 5 villages. Users: 4,200 (2000 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Etoh. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Western Momo.
Awing
[azo] North West region: Mezam division, Awing-Bambaluwe village. Users: 19,000 (2001 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Atembuluwe, Atembwә’wi, Awi, Bambuluwe, Mbwe’wi, Mbí̵ɨwiŋə. Autonym: Mbɨ̂wiŋə. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Ngemba.
Babanki
[bbk] North West region: Mezam division, Tubah subdivision, Kejom-Keku and Kejom-Ketinguh villages. Users: 39,000 (2011 SIL), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Finge, Ga’a Kedjom, Kedjom, Kejeng, Kejom, Kidzem, Kidzom, Nga-Kejom. Autonym: Ga’a-Kejom. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Ring, Center.
Bafanji
[bfj] North West region: Ngo-Ketunjia division, Balikumbat subdivision, southwest of Ndop on Ndop plain. Users: 18,000 (2005 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bafangi, Bafanyi, Chuufi, Nchufie. Autonym: Chufie’. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nun.
Bafaw-Balong
[bwt] Littoral region: Moungo division; South West region: Meme division, Kumba area and north along Kumba-Mamfe road and southeast of Ekondo-Titi. Users: 8,400 (1982 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ngoe. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Lundu-Balong (A.13).
Bafia
[ksf] Centre region: Mbam-and-Inoubou division, Bafia, Kiiki, and Kon-Yambetta subdivisions, north of Sanaga river. Users: 60,000 (1991 UBS). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bekpak, Kpa, Rikpa’. Autonym: Rikpa. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Bafia (A.53).
Bafut
[bfd] North West region: Mezam division, Tuba subdivision, Bafut. Users: 100,000 (Tamanji 2009), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Befe, Bufe, Fu, Fut. Autonym: Bɨfɨɨ̀. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Ngemba.
Baka
[bkc] East region: Boumba, Kadey, Ngoko, and Upper Nyong divisions; South region: Dja-and-Lobo division. Users: 40,000 in Cameroon (2007 Y. Léonard). 15,000 monolinguals. Mainly women. Ethnic population: 40,000. Total users in all countries: 43,200. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bebayaga, Bebayaka, Bibaya, Pygmees Baka, Pygmees de l’Est, “Babinga” (pej.). Autonym: baka. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Sere-Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka-Mba, Ngbaka, Western, Baka-Gundi.
Bakaka
[bqz] Littoral region: Moungo division, west Loum, Manjo, south Nkongsamba, and Nlonako subdivisions. Users: 30,000 (1998 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Central Mbo, Ehob Mkaa, Mkaa’. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Lundu-Balong (A.15C).
Bakoko
[bkh] Littoral region: scattered communities; Moungo division, south of Dibombari; Nkam division, Nkondjok area; Sanaga-Maritime division, southwest of Edéa; Wouri division, south of Douala; South region: northwest Océan division; West region: Haut-Nkam division. Users: 50,000 (1982 SIL), increasing. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Basoo, Koko. Autonym: Bakoko. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Basaa (A.43).
Bakole
[kme] South West region: Ndian division, Bamusso area south of Meme estuary. Users: 300 (1982 SIL). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Bakolle, Bamusso, Kole. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Duala (A.231).
Baldemu
[bdn] Far North region: Diamaré division, Balda, Bogo, and Guingley east of Maroua; Lara, south of Maroua. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers probably survived into the early 2010s. Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Baldamu, Baldare, Mbazla. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.5.
Balo
[bqo] South West region: Manyu division, Akwaya subdivision. Users: 2,230 (2000). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid.
Bamali
[bbq] North West region: Ngo-Ketunjia division, Ndop subdivision, southwest of Ndop town, on Ndop plain. Users: 10,800 (2008 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Chopechop, Ngoobechop. Autonym: Chɔpəchɔp. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nun.
Bambalang
[bmo] North West region: Ngo-Ketunjia division, Ndop subdivision, southeast of Ndop town, on Ndop plain. Users: 29,000 (2008 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bambolang, Chirambo, Cirambo, Mbawyakum, Mboyakum, Tshirambo. Autonym: Chrambo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nun.
Bambili-Bambui
[baw] North West region: Mezam division, Tuba subdivision, Bambili and Bambui villages along Ring road northeast of Bamenda. Users: 12,500 (2005 SIL), increasing. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bambili. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Ngemba.
Bamenyam
[bce] North West region: southeast Mezam division; West region: Bamboutos division, northwest Galim subdivision, Bamenyam area. Users: 5,300 (2005 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bamenyan, Mamenyan, Mengambo, Pamenyan. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nun.
Bamukumbit
[bqt] North West region: Ngo-Ketunjia division, Balikumbat subdivision, southwest of Ndop on Ndop plain. Users: 12,000 (2008 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bamenkombit, Bamenkoumbit, Bamoukoumbit, Bamunkum, Bamunkumbit, Mangkong, Mankong. Autonym: Achab a Maŋkɔ̧. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Ngemba.
Bamun
[bax] Centre region: border areas; North West region: Ngo-Ketunjia division, north Lake Bamendjing on Ndop plain; West region: southeast Bamboutos division, north Mifi division, Noun division, Foumban area. Users: 420,000 (2005 SIL). Based on actual population of the subdivisions where the Bamun people are present, as of the official 2005 census (2014 C. Hamm). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Originated in the high western grasslands of Cameroon with capital at Foumban, a town in Northwest Cameroon. Alternate Names: Bamoum, Bamoun, Bamum, Shupamem. Autonym: Shüpamom. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nun.
Bamunka
[bvm] North West region: Ngo Ketunjia division, Ndop subdivision, Ndop town, and south and east of Ndop, on Ndop plain. Users: 31,000 (2008 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bamunkun, Mbika, Mekoh, Muka, Ndop-Bamunka, Ngiemekohke. Autonym: Niemeng. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Ring, South.
Bana
[bcw] Far North region: Mayo-Tsanaga division, Bourrah subdivision on Nigeria border. Users: 23,000 (2007 SIL). 14,000 Gamboura and 9,000 Guili. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Baza, Ka-Bana, Koma, Mizeran, Parole des Bana. Autonym: kwəmà ká bàná. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.3.
Bangandu
[bgf] East region: Boumba-and-Ngoko division, Moloundou subdivision. Users: 2,700 (Voegelin and Voegelin 1977). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bagando, Bangando, Bangantu, Southern Bangantu. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Gbaya-Manza-Ngbaka, Southwest.
Bangolan
[bgj] North West region: Ngo-Ketunjia division, Babessi subdivision, east of Ndop, south of Jakiri, on Ndop plain. Users: 14,000 (2008 census). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Məndenkie, Mendenkye, Songnungbangle, shʉ panəm. Autonym: Mədəŋkyɛ. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nun.
Bankon
[abb] Littoral region: Moungo division, north of Douala and west of Wouri river, and Dibombari. Users: 12,000 (2001 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Abaw, Abo, Bo, Bon. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Basaa (A.42).
Barombi
[bbi] South West region: Meme division, Lake Barombi-Koto area north of Mount Cameroon, also west of Kumba town; Ndian division, northeast of Ekondo-Titi. Users: 3,000 (2001 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Balombi, Barumbi, Lambi, Lombe, Lombi, Rambi, Rombi. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Basaa (A.41).
Basaa
[bas] Centre region: widespread in Nyong-and-Kéllé division; Littoral region: Nkam and Sanaga-Maritime divisions; South region: Océan division; West region: Menoua division. Users: 300,000 (2005 SIL). Based on the actual population of the subdivisions where the Basaa people are present, as of the official 2005 census (2014 C. Hamm). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Basa, Bassa, Bicek, Bikyek, Bisaa, Mbele, Mee, Mvele, Northern Mbene, Tupen. Autonym: Basaa. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Basaa (A.43).
Bassossi
[bsi] South West region: Koupé-Muanenguba division, central Nguti subdivision, Nguti town, and east and south. Users: 5,000 (2004 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Asobse, Basosi, Basossi, Ngen, Nsose, Nswase, Nswose, Sosi, Swose. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Lundu-Balong (A.15B).
Bata
[bta] North region: Bénoué division along Nigeria border; along Bénoué river, west of Garoua; north Faro division, along Faro river. Users: 2,500 in Cameroon. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Batta, Dii, Gbwata, Gwate. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.8.
Batanga
[bnm] South region: Océan division, Kribi area, Bight of Biafra coast. Users: 5,750 in Cameroon (2015 SIL), decreasing. Very few monolinguals. Ethnic population: 11,500 (2015 SIL). Total users in all countries: 13,750. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Batanga-Banda, Noho, Noku. Autonym: Batanga. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Bubi-Benga (A.32).
Bati
[btc] Centre region: Mbam-and-Inoubou division; Littoral region: Sanaga-Maritime division, Ndom subdivision, Bati canton, 4 villages. Users: 800 (1975 census). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bati Ba Ngong, Bati de Brousse. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Sanaga (A.65).
Beba
[bfp] North West region: Mezam division, Benakuma subdivision; South West region: Manyu division, Akwaya subdivision. Users: 3,000 (2002 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Baba’zhi, Babadji, Batadji, Bazhi, Beba’, Bebadji, Biba, Bombe, Bombe-Beba, Mubadji, Shishong. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Ngemba.
Bebele
[beb] Centre region: Upper Sanaga division, Minta subdivision; East region: Lom-and-Djerem division, Diang subdivision. Users: 24,000 (Welmers 1971a). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bamvele. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Ewondo-Fang (A.73).
Bebil
[bxp] East region: Lom-and-Djerem division, Bélabo subdivision, Bélabo area. Users: 6,000 (1991 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bobilis, Gbigbil. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Ewondo-Fang (A.73).
Beezen
[bnz] North West region: Menchum division, Furu-Awa subdivision, Kpep (Beezen) village. Users: 450 (2001 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bezen. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Jukunoid, Yukuben-Kuteb.
Befang
[bby] North West region: Menchum division, Wum dubdivision, Befang area; Mezam division, Tuba subdivision. Users: 9,000 (2005 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Beba-Befang, Biba-Bifang, Bifang, Menchum. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Menchum.
Bekwel
[bkw] East region: Boumba-and-Ngoko division, Moloundou area along Ngoko river north side. Users: 1,700 in Cameroon (2021 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bɛkwyel, Bakwele, Bakwil, Bekwil, Okpele. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Makaa-Njem (A.85).
Bikya
[byb] North West region: Menchum division, Furu-Awa subdivision, Furubana village. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived into the late 1980s (1986 R. Breton). Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Furu. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Unclassified.
Bishuo
[bwh] North West region: Menchum division, Furu-Awa subdivision. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived into the late 1980s (1986 R. Breton). Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Biyam, Furu. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Unclassified.
Bitare
[brt] Adamawa region: Mayo-Banyo division, near Banyo. Users: 6,000 in Cameroon (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Asha, Njwande, Yukutare. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid.
Bokyi
[bky] South West region: Manyu division, Akwaya subdivision, along Nigeria border northwest of Mamfe. Users: 7,900 in Cameroon (2005 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Boki, Byoki, Nfua, Nki, Okii, Osikom, Osukam, Uki, Vaaneroki. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Bendi.
Bomwali
[bmw] East region: east of Moloundou, Malapa village. Users: 6,100 in Cameroon (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bomali, Boumoali, Bumali, Lino, Sangasanga, Sanghasangha. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Makaa-Njem (A.87).
Bonkeng
[bvg] Littoral region: Moungo division, Loum subdivision. Users: 3,000 (2000). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bongken, Bonkeng-Pendia, Bonkenge. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Lundu-Balong (A.14).
Bubia
[bbx] South West region: Fako division, Limbé subdivision, Wovea village. Users: 600 (Voegelin and Voegelin 1977). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bobe, Bobea, Bota, Ewota, Wovea, Woweta, Wuvia. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Bubi-Benga (A.31).
Buduma
[bdm] Far North region: Logone-and-Chari division, islands of Lake Chad. Users: 200 in Cameroon. Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Boudouma, Yadena, Yedima, Yedina, Yedǝnami. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, B, B.1, Buduma.
Bulu
[bum] Centre region: southern Upper Sanaga division, northern Nyong-and-Mfoumou division; East region: western tip Upper Nyong division; South region: northern Mvila and Dja-and-Lobo divisions, into Océan division. Users: 1,658,000, all users. L1 users: 858,000 (2007). L2 users: 800,000 (1991 UBS). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Migrated in 1883 from Nubia, between southern Egypt and central Sudan, and settled in the Centre Province of Cameroon. Spread through the work of Protestant missionaries who chose it as a church language in 1887 and established Bulu schools at many locations. Used in church, commerce, and education. Currenlty used as LWC throughout much of the South region and some in the East. Alternate Names: Boulou. Autonym: Bulu. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Ewondo-Fang (A.74).
Bum
[bmv] North West region: Boyo division, Bum subdivision, mainly Fonfuka village. Users: 21,400 (2001 SIL), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bom. Autonym: Bum. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Ring, Center.
Bung
[bqd] Adamawa region: Mayo-Banyo division. Users: No known L1 speakers. 3 semi-speakers in 1997 (Connell 1997). Last speaker probably died in the 1970s. Status: 10 (Extinct). Classification: Unclassified.
Busam
[bxs] North West region: Momo division, Batibo subdivision, Ambambo, Bifang, and Dinku villages. Users: 3,400 (2005 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Western Momo.
Busuu
[bju] North West region: Menchum division, Furu-Awa subdivision. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers probably survived into the late 2000s. Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Awa, Furu. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Unclassified.
Buwal
[bhs] Far North region: Mayo-Tsanaga division, Mokolo subdivision, Gadala area, south of Mokolo. Users: 10,000 (2004 SIL), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bual, Gadala. Autonym: Ma Buwal. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.7.
Byep
[mkk] East region: Lom-and-Djerem division, east Diang subdivision, west of Bertoua town. Users: 9,500 (1988 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Maka, Makya, Meka, Mekae, Mekay, Mekey, Mekye, Mika, Moka, North Makaa. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Makaa-Njem (A.831).
Caka
[ckx] South West region: northeast Manyu division, Akwaya subdivision, Asaka, Batanga, and Basaka villages. Users: 5,000 (Dieu and Renaud 1983). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid.
Chung
[cnq] North West Region: Boyo division, Bum subdivision, Chung and Mbuk villages, west of Nkambe, northeast of Wum. Users: 1,400 (2001 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Cung. Autonym: Chuŋ. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Beboid.
Cuvok
[cuv] Far North region: Mayo-Tsanaga division, Mokolo subdivision, Tchouvok area, Matakam South canton, near Zamay. Users: 13,500 (2021 SIL), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Tchouvok. Autonym: Cuvakw. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.5.
Daba
[dbq] Far North region: Mayo-Tsanaga division, Bourrah and Hina subdivisions; North region: Mayo-Louti division, Mayo-Oulo and Guider subdivisions northwest of Guider. Users: 24,000 in Cameroon (2007 SIL). Total users in all countries: 25,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Dabba. Autonym: Daba. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.7.
Dama
[dmm] North region: Bénoué division, Rey-Bouba subdivision, a small enclave. Users: 50 (Ayotte and Ayotte 2002). Ethnic population: 500 (Ayotte and Ayotte 2002). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Dama-Mono. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Mbum-Day, Mbum, Northern, Dama-Galke.
Dek
[dek] North region. Users: 2,980 (2000). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Mbum-Day, Mbum, Unclassified.
Denya
[anv] South West region: Manyu division, central and south Akwaya subdivisions; north Mamfe Central subdivision, Takamanda Forest Reserve. Users: 11,200 (1982 SIL), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Agnang, Anyah, Anyan, Anyang, Eyan, Nyang, Obonya, Takamanda. Autonym: Denya. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Mamfe.
Dii
[dur] Adamawa region: Vina division, Ngaoundéré subdivision, north and east of Ngaoundéré; North region: Mayo-Rey division, Tcholliré subdivision. Users: 50,000 (2010 L. Bohnhoff). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Dourou, Durru, Duru, Nyag Dii, Yag Dii, Zaa. Autonym: Ya̧g dìì. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Duru, Dii.
Dimbong
[dii] Centre region: Mbam-and-Inoubou division, northwest of Bafia. 2 villages. Users: 140 (1992 SIL). Ethnic population: 50,000. Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Bape, Bumbong, Kaalong, Kalong, Lakaalong, Lambong, Mbong, Palong. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Bafia (A.52).
Doyayo
[dow] North region: Bénoué division, north Poli subdivision and Poli area. Users: 15,000 (Wiering and Wiering 1994). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Doayo, Donyanyo, Donyayo, Doohyaayo, Doowaaya̰a̰yɔ, Doowaayo, Dooyaangyo, Dooyaayo, Dooyayo, Dowayayo, Dowayo, Doyaayo, Doyau, Nomai, Tunga, Tungbo, Tuuno, “Namchi” (pej.), “Namci” (pej.), “Namshi” (pej.). Autonym: Dooya̰a̰yɔ. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Duru, Voko-Dowayo, Vere-Dowayo, Dowayo.
Duala
[dua] Littoral region: Moungo division, Dibombari area; Nkam division, toward Yabassi town along Wouri river; Wouri division, Cameroon estuary area; South West region: Fako division, both sides of Mungo river. Users: 87,700 (1982 SIL). Status: 3 (Wider communication). First spoken in Cameroon in 1650 by immigrants who arrived from Congo and who settled in the estuary of Wouri River, site of present-day Duala city. In 1845 a mission was opened in Duala, and by 1875 Duala had become the lingua franca for many ethnic groups in Cameroon. Duala is now the most widely spoken language in the largest city in Cameroon and is used in all domains, including trade, church, education, and communication (‘drum language’ as earlier form). Alternate Names: Diwala, Douala, Dualla, Dwala, Dwela, Sawa. Autonym: Duala. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Duala (A.24).
Dugun
[ndu] North region: Faro division, Poli subdivision, southeast of Poli. Users: 7,000 (1997 L. Lode). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Pa’non, Pani, Panon, Pape, Saa. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Duru, Dii.
Dugwor
[dme] Far North region: Diamaré division, Meri subdivision, west of Tchere canton between Maroua and Meri, 6 villages. Users: 5,000 (2001 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Dougour, Memekere, Mofu-Dugwor, Tchakidjebe. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.5.
Duli-Gey
[duz] North region: Bénoué division, near Pitoa town. Users: No known L1 speakers. Probably became extinct in the latter half of the 20th century. Ethnic population: 1,900 (1982 SIL). Status: 9 (Dormant). Alternate Names: Dui, Duli, Duli-Gewe, Gewe, Gey, Gueve. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Duru, Duli.
Duupa
[dae] North region: Bénoué and Faro divisions, east of Poli. Users: 5,000 (1991 UBS). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Doupa, Dupa, Nduupa, Saa. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Duru, Dii.
Ejagham
[etu] South West region: south Mamfe subdivision west of Mamfe; Manyu division, Eyumodjok subdivision. Users: 49,400 in Cameroon (2000), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Edjagam, Ejagam, Ejaham, Ejwe, Ejághá, Ekoi, Etung, Jagham, Keaka, Kwa, Obang, Éjághám. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Ekoid.
Elip
[ekm] Centre region: Mbam-and-Inoubou division, southeast of Bokito town, Yambasa village in watershed of Mbam and Sanaga rivers. Users: 6,400 (1982 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Belibi, Belip, Central Yambassa, Libie, Nuasúɛ, Nulibie. Autonym: Nulíbíe. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Sanaga (A.62).
Eman
[emn] South West region: northeast Manyu division, Akwaya subdivision, Akalabo, Akalam Gomo, Amanavil, and Amayo towns. Users: 800 (1990 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Emane. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid.
English
[eng] Mainly North West and South West regions. Users: 9,805,900 in Cameroon, all users. L1 users: 5,900 in Cameroon (2020 Joshua Project), based on ethnicity. L2 users: 9,800,000 (Pinyon and Haydon 2010). Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (1996, Constitution, Article 1(3)). Alternate Names: Anglais. Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, English.
Esimbi
[ags] North West region: Menchum division, Menchum Valley subdivision, from Benakuma into Nigeria. Users: 34,800 in Cameroon (2005 SIL), increasing. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Aage, Age, Bogen, Bogue, Essimbi, Isimbi, Mburugam, Simpi. Autonym: Eshimbi. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid.
Eton
[eto] Centre region: most of Lekié division. Users: 250,000 (2005 census). Based on census results for whole Lekie division. Delpech (1985: 161), cited in Van de Velde 2006, gives 250,000 in 1982 (2014 C. Hamm). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Iton. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Ewondo-Fang (A.71).
Evant
[bzz] South West region: Manyu division, Akwaya subdivision, Atolo and Matene I villages. Users: 1,000 in Cameroon (1996 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Avand, Avande, Balegete, Belegete, Evand, Ovand, Ovande, Ovando. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid.
Ewondo
[ewo] Centre region: all except east Méfou division; Mfoundi and Nyong-and-So’o divisions; southern Nyong-and-Mfoumou division; South region: north Océan division. Users: 578,000 (1982 SIL). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Originated in the forests south of the Sanaga river (East Region, Central Region and Littoral Region of Cameroon). Used for trade. Alternate Names: Ewundu, Jaunde, Yaounde, Yaunde. Autonym: Ewondo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Ewondo-Fang (A.72).
Fali, North
[fll] North region: Mayo-Louti division, Mayo-Oulo subdivision, Dourbeye and Mayo-Oulo area. Users: 16,000 (1982 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Fali.
Fali, South
[fal] North region: Bénoué division, northeast of Garoua, Pitoa subdivision, south of Dembo, Hossere Bapara area, Hossere Toro, Ndoudja, and Tsolaram. Users: 20,000 (1982 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Fali. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Fali.
Fang
[fan] South region: southern part of Mvila (south of Ebolowa and Mvangan), Dja-and-Lobo division, south of Djoum; Vallée-du-Ntem division; Océan division, isolated locations between Lolodorf and Kribi towns, and east of Campo. Users: 111,000 in Cameroon (2000). Status: 5 (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Pahouin, Pamue. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Ewondo-Fang (A.75).
Fang
[fak] North West region: Menchum division, Wum subdivision, northeast of Wum, Fang village. Users: 4,000 (Good et al 2011). Status: 6b (Threatened). Autonym: Benjube Fenga. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Yemne-Kimbi.
Fe’fe’
[fmp] West region: Upper Nkam division, except Kekem area and small section in southeast corner; some in Mifi division, Bangam. Users: 140,000 (2005 SIL). Based on the population of the subdivision where the Fe’fe’ people are present; this is the best estimate available since the 1982 census (2014 C. Hamm). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Bafang, Bamileke-Fe’fe’, Fe’efe’e, Feefee, Fefe, Fotouni, Fè-fèè, Nufi. Autonym: fè’éfě’è, nùfī. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Bamileke.
French
[fra] Mainly Adamawa, Centre, East, Far North, Littoral, North, South, and West regions. Users: 10,000,000 in Cameroon (Beck et al 2018), L2 users. Status: 1 (National). Statutory national language (1996, Constitution, Article 1(3)). Alternate Names: français. Classification: Indo-European, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Gallo-Romance, Gallo-Rhaetian, Oïl, French.
Fulfulde, Adamawa
[fub] Widespead in Adamawa, Far North, and North regions. Users: 5,180,000 in Cameroon, all users. L1 users: 2,500,000 in Cameroon (2019). L2 users: 2,680,000 (2019). Total users in all countries: 5,685,500 (as L1: 3,005,500; as L2: 2,680,000). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Brought to Cameroon in 1805 via a religious war (jihad) launched by Usman Dan Fodio in Northern Nigeria. Originally used as a trade language. Since the arrival of missionaries in 1885, used as a church language. Now used as LWC in 3 regions of northern Cameroon. Alternate Names: Boulbe, Domona, Dzemay, Eastern Fulani, Foulfoulde, Ful, Fula, Fulata, Fulbe, Mbororo, Palata, Peul, Peulh. Autonym: Fulfulde, ڢُلْڢُلْدٜ (Fulfulde). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Atlantic, Northern, Senegambian, Fula-Wolof, Fula, Eastern.
Fulfulde, Mbororo
[fuv] Widespread by clans in Adamawa, Far North, and North West regions; North West region (Fulfulde-Jaafun and Fulfulde-Aku dialects). Users: 85,000 in Cameroon (2011 SIL), increasing. Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Fulbe, Fulfulde, Peul. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Atlantic, Northern, Senegambian, Fula-Wolof, Fula, East Central.
Gavar
[gou] Far North region: Mayo-Tsanaga division, Mokolo subdivision, Mogode canton, Gawar area, south of Mokolo. Some Gavar Hossere live among Gavar-Fulfulde, and some isolated in Kortchi village mountain area. Users: 15,000 (2010 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Gauar, Gawar, Gaware, Gouwar, Kortchi, Rtchi. Autonym: Ma Gavar. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.7.
Gbaya, Northwest
[gya] Adamawa region: Djerem division, Ngaoundal and Tibati subdivisions; Faro and Deo divisions, Tignere subdivision; Mbere division, Meiganga subdivision; East region: Lom and Djerem divisions, Betare-Oya, Bertoua, and Garoua Boulay subdivisions; Kadey division, Kette subdivision; Boumba and Ngoko divisions, Gari-Gombo subdivision; North region: Mayo-Rey division, south of Touboro. Users: 65,000 in Cameroon (1980). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Baya. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Gbaya-Manza-Ngbaka, Northwest.
Gbaya-Mbodomo
[gmm] East region: Lom-and-Djerem division, Bétaré-Oya subdivision, Ngoura district. Users: 8,000 (1992). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mbodomo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Ubangi, Gbaya-Manza-Ngbaka, Southwest.
German, Standard
[deu] Users: 300,000 in Cameroon (2010 D. Bathe), L2 users. Status: 4 (Educational). Classification: Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, German, Middle German, East Middle German.
Ghomálá’
[bbj] West region: some in south Bamboutos division, east Menoua division, Mifi division except south and pockets north and west, Bamendjou subdivision. Users: 350,000 (2005 SIL). Based on the actual population of the subdivisions where the Ghomala’ people are present, as of the official 2005 census (2014 C. Hamm). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Baloum, Bamileke-Bandjoun, Bandjoun, Banjoun-Baham, Banjun, Batie, Mahum, Mandju, ghᴐmala’. Autonym: Ghomálá’. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Bamileke.
Gidar
[gid] Far North region: a small section of Diamaré division; North region: Mayo- Louti division, Figuil and Guider subdivisions. Users: 54,000 in Cameroon (1982 SIL). Total users in all countries: 65,700. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Baynawa, Gidder, Guidar, Guider, Kaɗa, Kada. Autonym: ma Kaɗa. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, C.
Gimme
[kmp] North region: Faro division, on Saptou plain, west of Poli along Nigeria border in Atlantika Mountains. Users: 3,000 (1982 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Koma Kompana, Kompana, Kompara, Panbe. Autonym: Gimma. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Duru, Voko-Dowayo, Vere-Dowayo, Vere-Gimme, Gimme.
Gimnime
[gmn] North region: Faro division, Wangay area in Atlantika Mountains, northwest of Poli along Nigeria border. Users: 3,000 (1982 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Gimbe, Kadam, Koma Kadam, Komlama, Laame, Yotubo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Duru, Voko-Dowayo, Vere-Dowayo, Vere-Gimme, Gimme.
Giziga
[giz] Far North region: Diamaré and Kaélé divisions, Diamare plains, southwest of Maroua. Users: 60,000 (1991 UBS). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Gisiga, Gisika, Guiziga, Marva, South Giziga. Autonym: Giziga. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.5.
Giziga, North
[gis] Far North region: Diamaré division, Meri subdivision, Mogazang and Tchere massifs and Dogba plains, north and west of Maroua. Users: 20,000 (1982 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Dogba, Gisiga, Gisika, Giziga de, Guiziga, Maroua, Marva, Mi Marva, Tchere. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.5.
Glavda
[glw] Far North region: Mayo-Tsanaga division, Koza subdivision, on Nigeria border, Gelvaxdaxa village area south of Ashigashia. Users: 2,800 in Cameroon (1982 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Galavda, Galvaxdaxa, Gelvaxdaxa, Guelebda, Vale. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.4, Mandara Proper, Glavda.
Gude
[gde] Far North region: Mayo-Tsanaga division, south Bourrah subdivision, north and northwest of Dourbeye; North region: Mayo-Louti division, extreme northwest Mayo-Oulo subdivision. Users: 20,000 in Cameroon (1992 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Cheke, Goude, Mapodi, Mocigin, Motchekin, Mubi, Mudaye, Shede, Tchade, Tcheke, guɗe. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.8.
Gvoko
[ngs] Far North region: Mayo-Tsanaga division, Mokolo subdivision, north of Tourou, Ngoshi village (different from Nggoshe). Users: 1,000 in Cameroon (2000 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Gavoko, Gevoko, Ghboko, Kuvoko, Ngoshe-Ndhang, Ngoshi, Ngossi. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.4, Mandara Proper, Glavda.
Gyele
[gyi] Centre region: Nyong-et-Kéllé division; South region: Océan division, Bipindi, Campo, Kribi, and Lolodorf subdivisions, forested areas between Nyong and Ntem rivers, many near Campo-Maan Reserve. Users: 4,250 in Cameroon (2012 SIL). Total users in all countries: 4,300. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Babinga, Bagiele, Bagyele, Bajele, Bajeli, Bakuele, Bekoe, Bogyel, Bogyeli, Bondjiel, Giele, Gieli, Gyeli. Autonym: Gyele. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Makaa-Njem (A.801).
Hausa
[hau] Widespread. Users: 312,500 in Cameroon, all users. L1 users: 23,500 in Cameroon (1982 SIL). L2 users: 289,000 (2018 J. Leclerc). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Haoussa, Hawsa. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, West, A, A.1.
Hdi
[xed] Far North region: Mayo-Tsanaga division, Mokolo subdivision, Nigeria border northwest of Mokolo. 15 villages. Users: 25,000 in Cameroon (2001 SIL). Total users in all countries: 29,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Hedi, Hide, Hǝdi, Tur, Turu-Hide, Xədi, Xadi, Xdi, Xedi. Autonym: Hdi. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.4, Lamang.
Hijuk
[hij] Centre region: Mbam-and-Inoubou division, Bokito subdivision, southwest of Bokito, Batanga village, 2 quartiers. Users: 400 (1992 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Bafia (A.501).
Hya
[hya] Far North region: Mayo-Tsanaga division, Mokolo subdivision, Amsa. Users: 940 in Cameroon (2002 SIL). Total users in all countries: 2,940. Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Ghye, Za. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.3.
Iceve-Maci
[bec] South West region: Manyu division, north and south of Akwaya town. Users: 7,000 in Cameroon (1990). Total users in all countries: 12,000. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Icheve, Utse, Utser, Utseu. Autonym: Iceve. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid.
Ipulo
[ass] North West region: Menchum division; South West region: Manyu division, Akwaya subdivision, south and southeast of Akwaya town. Users: 2,500 (1990 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Assumbo, Asumbo, Badzumbo, Ipulo-Olulu. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid.
Isu
[isu] North West region: Menchum division, Wum Central subdivision, widespread to Nigeria border. Users: 15,400 (1993 SIL), increasing. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Ring, West.
Isu
[szv] Littoral region: Wouri division; South West region: Fako division, Tiko subdivision, Bimbia estuary area east of Limbé and west of Douala, at the foot of Mount Cameroon, 3 villages. Users: 800 (1982 SIL). Few speakers (Dimmendaal and Voeltz 2007). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bimbia, Isubu, Isuwu, Su, Subu. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Duala (A.23).
Iyasa
[yko] South region: Océan division, Campo and Kribi subdivisions, 15 villages on the coast near Equatorial Guinea. Users: 2,200 in Cameroon (2015 SIL). Ethnic population: 4,400 (2015 SIL). Total users in all countries: 3,200. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bongwe, Lyaasa, Maasa, Yasa, Yassa. Autonym: Iyasa. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Bubi-Benga (A.33).
Iyive
[uiv] South West region: Manyu division, Yive village northeast of Akwaya town on Nigeria border. Users: 1,000 in Cameroon (1996 WT). Total users in all countries: 2,000. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Asumbo, Uive, Yiive. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid.
Jimjimen
[jim] Far North region: Mayo-Tsanaga division, Bourrha area, on Nigeria border. Users: 10,000 (2019 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Jimi, “’Um Falin” (pej.). Autonym: Jimjimən. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.8.
Jina
[jia] Far North region: Logone-and-Chari division, south Logone-Birni subdivision, Zina area and east of Waza town. Users: 1,500 (Tourneux 2004). 40,000 all Kotoko languages (Tourneux 2004). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Zina. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, B, B.1, Jina.
Jukun Takum
[jbu] North West region: Menchum division, Furu-Awa subdivision, Furu-Sambari, Furu-Turuwa, and Ntjieka villages. Users: 2,440 in Cameroon (2000). Total users in all countries: 42,440 (as L1: 2,440; as L2: 40,000). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Diyu, Jukun. Autonym: Njikum. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Jukunoid, Central, Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Jukun.
Kako
[kkj] East region: Kadey division, Batouri and Ndelele subdivisions. Users: 100,000 in Cameroon (2003 SIL). Total users in all countries: 123,400. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Kaka, Mkaka, Mkako. Autonym: Kakɔ. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Kaka (A.93).
Kamkam
[bgu] Adamawa region: Mayo-Banyo division, Mambila plateau. Users: Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bungnu, Bungun, Bunu, Gbunhu, Kakaba, Mbongno. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Northern, Mambiloid, Mambila-Konja, Magu-Kamkam-Kila.
Kanuri, Yerwa
[knc] Far North region: Diamaré division, Bogo and Maroua subdivisions; Mayo Danay and Mayo Kani divisions, as far as Guirvidig and Mindif; Mayo-Sava division, mainly north of Mora between Limani and Boundéri, and Kolofata subdivisions. Users: 56,500 in Cameroon (1982 SIL). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Bornouan, Bornouans, Bornu, Central Kanuri, Kanouri, Kanoury, Kanuri, Kole, Kolere, Sirata, “Baribari” (pej.), “Beriberi” (pej.). Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Saharan, Western, Kanuri.
Karang
[kzr] North region: Mayo-Rey division, Madingring district (homeland), south border of Bouba Ndjida National Park, south from Madingring, southeast to Lawzigoy, 25 villages. Displaced: Garoua, Ngaoundéré, Ngong, Tcholliré, and Touboro (and surrounding villages). Users: 17,000 in Cameroon (Dimmendaal and Voeltz 2007). Very few monolinguals. Total users in all countries: 18,000. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mbum, Mbum-East. Autonym: Karaŋ. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Mbum-Day, Mbum, Eastern Mbum, Karang.
Kare
[kbn] Adamawa region: Vina division, Belel area; North region: Mayo-Rey division. Users: 4,460 in Cameroon (2000). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Kali, Kari, Karré, nzáà kã́rĩ́. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Mbum-Day, Mbum, Eastern Mbum, Karang.
Kasabe
[luw] Adamawa region: Mayo-Banyo division, Bankim subdivision. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last known speaker died in November 1995 (1997 B. Carroll). Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Luo. Classification: Unclassified.
Kemedzung
[dmo] North West region: Donga-Mantung division, Misaje subdivision, northwest of Nkambe, Dumbu area, Kwei village. Users: 3,540 (2008 Misaje council). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Diábékwálé, Dumbo, Dzumbo, Kemezung, Kumaju, Kémézuñ. Autonym: Kɨmədzuŋ. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Beboid.
Kendem
[kvm] South West region: Manyu division, Tinto and Upper Bayang subdivisions, east of Mamfe: Bokwa, Kekpoti, and Kendem villages. Users: 1,900 (2005 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bokwa-Kendem. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Mamfe.
Kenswei Nsei
[ndb] North West region: Ngo Ketunjia division, Ndop subdivision, west of Ndop on Ndop plain, Bamessing village. Users: 25,000 (2008 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bamessing, Befi, Calebasses, Kensense, Kenswey Nsey, Melamba, Mesing, Ndop-Bamessing, Veteng, Vetweng. Autonym: Nsei. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Ring, South.
Kenyang
[ken] South West region: Koupé-Muanengouba division, west corner of Nguti subdivision; Manyu division, Mamfe Central and Upper Banyang subdivisions, Mamfe area and southwest. Users: 65,000 (1992 SIL), increasing. Ethnic population: 65,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Banjangi, Banyang, Banyangi, Bayangi, Manyang, “Nyang” (pej.). Autonym: Kɛnyaŋ. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Mamfe.
Kera
[ker] Far North region: Mayo-Danay division, southeast of Doukoula. Users: 6,000 in Cameroon. Status: 5* (Developing). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, East, A, A.3.
Kol
[biw] East region: Upper Nyong division, Messamena subdivision, on both sides of Nyong river. Users: 12,000 (2007 B. Henson). 1,000 in Bikeng. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bekol, Bikele, Bikele-Bikay, Bikele-Bikeng, Bokol. Autonym: Bòkól. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Makaa-Njem (A.832).
Kolbila
[klc] North region: Faro division, Bantadje canton, southeast of Poli, and east between Ngaoundéré and Garoua. Users: 4,500 (2018 IMB). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Kolbilari, Kolbili, Kolbilla, Kolena, Zoono. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Leko.
Kom
[bkm] North West region: south Boyo division, southeast of Wum town, northeast of Bamenda city; also major urban centers. Users: 233,000 (2005 CABTAL), increasing. 69,900 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 233,000. Status: 3 (Wider communication). Originated in Cameroon. Today used as a church language and/or in other domains by nine language groups. Alternate Names: Bamekon, Bikom, Kong, Nkom. Autonym: Itangikom. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Ring, Center.
Koma
[kmy] North region: Faro division, northwest of Tchamba in Alantika Mountains along Nigeria border. Users: 3,000 in Cameroon (1984 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kuma. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Duru, Voko-Dowayo, Vere-Dowayo, Vere-Gimme, Vere.
Koonzime
[ozm] East region: Upper Nyong division, Alouma, Lomie, Messok, Mindourou, and Somalomo villages north and northwest Dja river; South region: Dja-and-Lobo division. Users: 40,000 (2011 SIL). 26,400 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 40,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Djimu, Dzimou, Kɔɔzime, Konzime, Kooncimo, Koozhime, Koozime, Nzime. Autonym: Kɔɔnzime. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Makaa-Njem (A.842).
Korop
[krp] South West region: Ndian division, along Nigeria border, northwest of Mundemba. Users: 7,440 in Cameroon (Dimmendaal and Voeltz 2007). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Durop, Dyurop, Erorup, Ododop. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Kiong-Korop.
Koshin
[kid] North West region: Menchum division, Wum subdivision, Koshin village. Users: 3,000 (Good et al 2011). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bejube Ko, Kaw, Kosin, Kusheen Benubcouh. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Yemne-Kimbi.
Kuk
[kfn] North West region: Menchum division, Fungom subdivision, Achaf, Ebo, Echuapo, Kuk, Kumfutu, and Nzela villages, on Ring Road and on the road between Bafmeng and Weh. Users: 3,600 (2005 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Ring, Center.
Kung
[kfl] North West region: Menchum division, Fungom subdivision, 1 village. Users: 600 (Good et al 2011). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Cungo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Ring, Center.
Kuo
[xuo] North region: between Sorombeo and Chad border, and Garoua area. Users: 7,950 in Cameroon (2011 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Ko, Koh. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Mbum-Day, Mbum, Eastern Mbum, Koh.
Kutep
[kub] North West region: Menchum division, Furu-Awa subdivision, Baji and Lubu villages near Nigeria border. Users: 3,000 in Cameroon (2005 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ati, Kuteb, Kutev, Mbarike, “Jompre” (pej.), “Zumper” (pej.). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Jukunoid, Yukuben-Kuteb.
Kwa’
[bko] Littoral region: Nkam division, east Nkondjok subdivision; West region: southwest corner of Ndé division. Users: 1,000 (2000 SIL). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Bakoa, Bakwa, Bamileke-Kwa. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Bamileke.
Kwaja
[kdz] North West region: Donga-Mantung division, Nkambe subdivision. Users: 5,500 (2005 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nkambe.
Kwakum
[kwu] East region: Lom-and-Djerem division, north of Bertoua, Bélabo subdivision; Upper Nyong division, Dimako and Doumé subdivisions. Users: 10,000 (2002 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Abakoum, Abakum, Akpwakum, Bakoum, Bakum, Kpakum, Pakum. Autonym: Kwakum. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Kaka (A.91).
Kwanja
[knp] Adamawa region: most south of Banyo between Mayo Darle and Bankim, west to Mbojdanga, east to Mbam river. Users: 10,000 (2011 LBT). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Kondja, Konja. Autonym: Kwànjâ. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Northern, Mambiloid, Mambila-Konja, Konja.
Kwasio
[nmg] South region: Océan division, Kribi and Lolodorf subdivisions, Kribi forests area; Kribi and Lolodorf areas. Users: 9,000 in Cameroon (1982 SIL), increasing. Total users in all countries: 22,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Kwassio. Autonym: Kwasio. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Makaa-Njem (A.81).
La’bi
[lbi] North region: Mayo-Rey division, Touboro subdivision. Users: 4,400, all users. L1 users: No known L1 speakers (Samarin 1971). L2 users: 4,400 (2006). Ethnic population: No ethnic community. Status: 9 (Second language only). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, La’bi.
Lagwan
[kot] Far North region: Logone-and-Chari division, Logone-Birni subdivision north of Waza National Park, Logone river bank across to Nigeria border. Users: 15,000 in Cameroon (Shryock and Brahim 2014). 40,000 all Kotoko languages (Tourneux 2004). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kotoko-Logone, Lagouane, Lagwane, Logone. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, B, B.1, Kotoko Proper, South.
Laimbue
[lmx] North West region: Boyo division, Fundong subdivision; Menchum division, Wum Central subdivision. Users: 5,000 (1994 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Ring, West.
Lamnso’
[lns] North West region: Bui division, east Jakiri and Kumbo subdivisions, northeast of Bamenda, Kumbo area. Users: 240,000 (2005 SIL), increasing. 72,000 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 240,000. Status: 3 (Wider communication). Originated in the Bamenda Grassfields of northwest Cameroon. Used by speakers of many other languages. Alternate Names: Bansaw, Banso, Banso’, Lamnsok, Lamso, Nsaw, Nsho’, Nso, Nso’, Panso. Autonym: Lamnso’. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Ring, East.
Lefa
[lfa] Centre region: Mbam-and-Inoubou division, Deuk subdivision. Users: 15,000 (2010 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Balom, Fa’, Fak, Lefa’. Autonym: Lɨfa’. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Bafia (A.51).
Leti
[leo] Centre region: Lekié division, Sa’a subdivision, Nkolebassimbi and Nkolndzomo villages; Mbam-and-Inoubou division, north of Sanaga river. Users: Some L1 speakers (2014 SIL). Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Mengisa-Leti, Mengissa, Tiki, Tungidjo, Tungijo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Sanaga (A.601).
Lidzonka
[add] North West region: Donga-Mantung division, extreme north Nwa subdivision, Adere village. Users: 2,600 in Cameroon (2000), increasing. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Adere, Adiri, Arderi, Dzodinka, Dzodzinka. Autonym: Lidzonka. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nkambe.
Limbum
[lmp] North West region: Donga-Mantung division, Nkambe subdivision, Ndu and Nkambe areas. Users: 130,000 in Cameroon (2005 SIL), increasing. Based on the actual population of the subdivisions where the Limbum people are present as of the 2005 census (2014 C. Hamm). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bojiin, Limbom, Llimbumi, Ndzungle, Ndzungli, Njungene, Nsungali, Nsungli, Nsungni, Wimbum. Autonym: Limbum. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nkambe.
Longto
[wok] North region: Faro division, Poli subdivision, Voko area southwest of Poli to Faro Reserve. Users: 2,400 (1982 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Boko, Gobeyo, Longa, Longbo, Lonto, Voko, Woko. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Duru, Voko-Dowayo, Voko.
Mada
[mxu] Far North region: Mayo-Sava division, Tokombéré subdivision, Mada massif at edge of Mandara mountains and neighboring plain. Users: 17,000 (1982 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Autonym: Maɗa. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.5.
Mafa
[maf] Far North region: Mayo-Tsanaga division, Mokolo town and north. Users: 500,000 in Cameroon (1997 SIL). Total users in all countries: 504,910. Status: 3 (Wider communication). Alternate Names: Mofa, Natakan, “Matakam” (pej.). Autonym: Mafa. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.5.
Majera
[xmj] Far North region: Logone-and-Chari division, extreme south Logone-Birni subdivision, Majera area. Users: 500 in Cameroon (Tourneux 2004). 40,000 all Kotoko languages (Tourneux 2004). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mazera. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, B, B.1, Jina.
Makaa
[mcp] East region: north Upper Nyong division, Abong-Mbang, Doumé, and Nguelemendouka subdivisions. Users: 80,000 (1987 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Maka, Mekaa, South Makaa, South Mekaa. Autonym: Məkaá. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Makaa-Njem (A.83).
Malgbe
[mxf] Far North region: Logone-and-Chari division, Goulfey subdivision, Chari river area north of Kousseri. Users: 6,000 in Cameroon (Tourneux 2004). 40,000 all Kotoko languages (Tourneux 2004). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Goulfei, Gulfe, Gulfei, Malbe, Malgwe, Ngwalkwe, Sanbalbe. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, B, B.1, Kotoko Proper, North.
Malimba
[mzd] Littoral region: Sanaga-Maritime division, small pocket north of Edéa, and Sanaga river mouth area. Users: 1,780 (2009 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Lemba, Limba, Mudima, Mulimba. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Duala (A.27).
Mambai
[mcs] North region: Bénoué division, Bibemi and Pitoa subdivisions; Mayo Louti division, Guider and Figuil subdivisions; all locations along Mayo-Kebi river near Chad border. Users: 12,000 in Cameroon (2011 E. Anonby). Total users in all countries: 14,000. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mambay, Mamgbay, Mamgbei, Manbai, Mangbai, Mangbei, Mongbay. Autonym: dâg tì mà̧mbày. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Mbum-Day, Mbum, Northern, Tupuri-Mambai.
Mambila, Cameroon
[mcu] Adamawa region: northwest Mayo-Banyo division, Banyo and Bankim subdivisions on Nigeria border; North West region: eastern Donga-Mantung division. Users: 30,000 (1993 UBS). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Bang, Bea, Ble, Juli, Lagubi, Mambere, Mambilla, Nor, Tagbo, Tongbo. Autonym: Jù Bà. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Northern, Mambiloid, Mambila-Konja, Mambila.
Manta
[myg] South West region: Manyu division northeast of Mamfe, from Mom border, Akwaya subdivision, to Manta, Upper Banyang subdivision. Users: 6,500 (2005 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Anta, Banta, Bantakpa, Kisam, Menta, Tinta. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid.
Masana
[mcn] Far North region: southeast Mayo-Danay division, Yagoua town area. Users: 103,000 in Cameroon (1982 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Masa, Massa, Massana, “Banana” (pej.). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Masa.
Maslam
[msv] Far North region: Logone-and-Chari division, Makari subdivision, northwest of Kousséri, Maltam, and Saho. Users: 250 in Cameroon (Tourneux 2004). 40,000 all Kotoko languages (Tourneux 2004). Status: 8a (Moribund). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, B, B.1, Kotoko Proper, North.
Matal
[mfh] Far North region: Mayo-Sava division, Mora subdivision, southwest of Mora, east edge of Mandara mountains. Users: 18,000 (1982 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Balda, Mouktele, Muktele, Muktile. Autonym: Matal. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.5.
Mazagway-Hidi
[dkx] Far North region: Diamaré division southwest corner, Ndoukoula district, Dagaï, Kpala; Mayo-Tsanaga division, Mokolo subdivision, Hina district, Mayo-Ladde, Zouvoul; North region: Bénoué division: Tam Djidde; Mayo-Louti division, Baila, Boula Ibbi, Mazagway. Users: 35,000 (2005 census). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Mazagway. Autonym: Mazagway-Hidi. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.7.
Mbembe, Tigon
[nza] North West region: Donga-Mantung division, Ako subdivision, north of Nkambe. Users: 40,000 in Cameroon (2005 SIL), increasing. Based on the actual population of the subdivision where the Tigon Mbembe people are present, as of the official 2005 census (2014 C. Hamm). Total users in all countries: 60,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Akonto, Tigon, Tigong, Tigum, Tigun, Tikun, cha Mbémbe, chya Mbembe, cya Mbembe. Autonym: Mbémbe. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Jukunoid, Central, Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Mbembe.
Mbessa
[emz] North West region: Boyo division, Belo subdivision, Mbessa. Users: 25,000 (2020 K. Toah Nsah). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Itangimbesa, Iteanghe-a-Mbessa, Mbesa, Mbizenaku. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Ring, Center.
Mbo
[mbo] Littoral region: Moungo division, Melong and Nkongsamba subdivisions; South West region: Noun division, border area northwest of Nkongsamba, Mbo plain; West region: Menoua division, Santchou subdivision and Upper Nkam division, Kekem subdivision. Users: 45,000 (Ewané Etamé 1995). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mboo, Sambo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Lundu-Balong (A.15).
Mbo’
[mtk] North West region: Donga-Mantung division, regional boundary area north of Magba town; Noun division. Users: 1,490 (2000). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nkambe.
Mbonga
[xmb] East region: Lom-and-Djerem division, west of Bétaré-Oya town. Users: 1,490 (2000). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mboa. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Jarawan, Cameroon.
Mbudum
[xmd] Far North region: Mayo-Tsanaga division, Mokolo subdivision, northeast of Hina. Users: 6,000 (2001 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Boudoum, Hedi Mbudum, Mbedam, Mboudoum. Autonym: Ma Mbudum. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.7.
Mbuk
[bpc] North West Region: Boyo division, Bum subdivision, Mbuk village, west of Nkambe, northeast of Wum. Users: 600 (2020 N. Tschonghongei). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bembogho, Mbogho, Mbyuk. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Beboid.
Mbuko
[mqb] Far North region: Diamaré division, Meri subdivision, Mbuko massif and neighboring Mayo-Rey plain east of Meri. Users: 15,000 (2008 SIL), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Mbokou, Mboku, Mbuku. Autonym: Mbuko. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.5.
Mbule
[mlb] Littoral region: Sanaga-Maritime division, Mbola village. Users: 110 (2009 SIL). No monolinguals. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Dumbule, Mbola, Mbure. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Sanaga (A.623).
Mbum
[mdd] Adamawa region: Djérem and Vina divisions, south and southwest of Ngaoundéré; Centre region: Mbam-and-Kim division, border area; East region: Lom-and-Djerem division, Bélabo subdivision, Gbete; North region: Faro division, Ngaoundéré area to border of Faro Reserve. Users: 38,600 in Cameroon (1982 SIL). Total users in all countries: 51,100. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Buna, Mboum, Mboumtiba, Wuna. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Mbum-Day, Mbum, Southern.
Medumba
[byv] Centre region: Mbam-and-Inoubou division; Littoral region: Nkam division, border area; West region: Ndé division, Bangangté and Tonga subdivisions east of Bangangté. Users: 210,000 (1991 UBS). Status: 3 (Wider communication). Grassfields language, originated in the Nde division of the West Region of Cameroon. Used as a church language by Protestant missionaries in the early 1900s. Alternate Names: Bagangte, Bamileke-Medumba, Bangangte. Autonym: Medumba. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nun.
Mefele
[mfj] Far North region: Mayo-Tsanaga division, Mokolo subdivision, 6 villages south and east of Mokolo. Users: 11,000 (2002 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Baitsawara, Boulahay, Bula, Bulahai. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.5.
Mendankwe-Nkwen
[mfd] North West region: Mezam division, Bamenda Central subdivision, north and east of Bamenda town, either side of Ring Road, and mountainous circle of Menda Nkwe. Users: 27,700 (2005 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Abɔŋnamɛnda, Nkwen. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Ngemba.
Mengaka
[xmg] North West region: Mezam division; West region: Bamboutos division, South Galim subdivision, Bagam, Bamendjing, and Galim. Users: 38,500 (2005 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Bamileke-Mengaka, Eghap, Məgaka, Megaka. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Bamileke.
Mengisa
[mct] Centre region: Lekié division, Sa’a subdivision, Sanaga river bend area between the river and Sa’a. Users: 20,000 (1979 SIL), decreasing. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mangisa, Mengisa-Njowe, Mengisa-Njowi, Njowe, Njowi. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Ewondo-Fang (A.71).
Menka
[mea] North West region: Momo division, Widikum-Menka subdivision, 10 villages west of Mbengwi, northwest of Batibo. Users: 5,200 (2000 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bando, Mamwoh, Wando. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Momo.
Merey
[meq] Far North region: Diamaré division, near Meri massif west of Meri town. Users: 10,000 (1982 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Mere, Meri, Mofu de Méri, Méré. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.5.
Mesaka
[iyo] North West region: Menchum division, Mbengwi area; South West region: Manyu division, isolated on Nigeria border northeast of Akwaya. Users: 14,000 (1982 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Banagere, Iyon, Messaga, Messaga-Ekol, Messaka, Ugal, Ugare. Autonym: Ugarə. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid.
Meta’
[mgo] North West region: Bamenda subdivision, Bafuchu and Nja village areas; Momo division, east and southeast Mbengwi and east Batibo subdivisions. Users: 83,000 (2013 CABTAL), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bameta, Batibo, Besi, Chubo, Menemo-Mogamo, Metta, Mitaa, Moghamo-Menemo, Muta, Uta’, Widikum-Tadkon. Autonym: Mɨta’. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Momo.
Mfumte
[nfu] North West region: Donga-Mantung division, Nwa subdivision, Mfumte canton, 16 villages north of Nwa and east of Nkambe. Users: 24,700 (1982 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Nfumte. Autonym: Mfɨ́ti. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nkambe.
Mina
[hna] Far North region: Mayo-Tsanaga division, Hina subdivision, 20 villages south of Mokolo. Users: 11,000 (2000). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Hina. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.7.
Mmaala
[mmu] Centre region: Mbam-and-Inoubou division, Mmala canton, in and south of Bokito. Users: 8,000 (2014 G. Boyd). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Central Yambassa, Mmala, Numaala, Numala, Yambassa. Autonym: Numála. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Sanaga (A.62).
Mmen
[bfm] North West region: Menchum division, Wum subdivision, along Fundong road northwest of Fundong. Users: 35,000 (2001 SIL), increasing. 1,000 Fungom (1993 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bafmen, Bafmeng, Bafoumeng, Bafumen, Mme. Autonym: Ewâmnèə Mə̂yn. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Ring, Center.
Mofu, North
[mfk] Far North region: Diamaré division, massifs south of Meri. Users: 27,500 (1982 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Douvangar, Mofu-Douvangar, Mofu-Nord. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.5.
Mofu-Gudur
[mif] Far North region: Mayo-Tsanaga division into Diamare division, Mokolo subdivision, massifs south of Tsanaga river to Mayo-Louti river. Users: 90,000 (2008 SIL), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Mey ŋga aŋgwa, Mey Mafaw Gudur, Mofou, Mofou de Goudour, Mofu, Mofu South, Mofu-Sud. Autonym: Mey Mafaw, Mey aŋgwa. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.5.
Mokpwe
[bri] South West region: Fako division, Buéa, Limbé, Muyuka, and Tiko, subdivisions. Users: 20,000 (2014 M. Engeler). Ethnic population: 150,000 (2014 M. Engeler). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bakpwe, Bakueri, Bakwedi, Bakwele, Bakweri, Bakwiri, Bekwiri, Kpe, Kwedi, Kweli, Kwili, Kwiri, Mokpe, Ujuwa, Vakweli, Vambeng. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Duala (A.22).
Moloko
[mlw] Far North region: Mayo-Sava division, Tokombéré subdivision, Makalingay canton, Melokwo mountain area. Users: 10,000 (Starr 1997). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Melokwo, Mokyo, Molko, Molkoa, Molkwo, Molokwo, Mǝlokwo. Autonym: Ma Mǝloko. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.5.
Mom Jango
[ver] North region: Faro division, Beka subdivision, on Nigeria border north of Tchamba. Users: 6,520 in Cameroon (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kobo, Vere, Verre, Were. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Duru, Voko-Dowayo, Vere-Dowayo, Vere-Gimme, Vere.
Mono
[mru] North region: Mayo-Rey division, Kongrong area along Mayo-Godi river north of Rey-Bouba. Users: 300 (2001 SIL). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Mon-Non. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Mbum-Day, Mbum, Northern, Dama-Galke.
Mpade
[mpi] Far North region: Logone-and-Chari division, south of Lake Chad, Makari area. Users: 16,000 in Cameroon (Tourneux 2004). 40,000 all Kotoko languages (Tourneux 2004). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Makari, Makary, Makary Kotoko. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, B, B.1, Kotoko Proper, North.
Mpiemo
[mcx] East region: Boumba-and-Ngoko division, Gari-Gombo subdivision, along Gribi to Yokadouma road. Users: 5,000 in Cameroon (1991 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bimu, Mbimou, Mbimu, Mpo, Mpyemɔ, Mpyemo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Makaa-Njem (A.86).
Mpumpong
[mgg] East region: Boumba-and-Ngoko division, south and west of Yokadouma; Kadey division, Mbang subdivision, south of Batouri (Bangantu and Menzime dialects). Users: 45,000 (1991 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bombo, Mbombo, Mpompo, Mpompon, Mpongmpong, Mpopo, Mpumpoo, Pongpong. Autonym: Mpumpoŋ. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Makaa-Njem (A.86).
Mser
[kqx] Far North region: Logone-and-Chari division, Kousséri subdivision. Users: 500 in Cameroon (Tourneux 2004). 40,000 all Kotoko languages (Tourneux 2004). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Kotoko-Kuseri, Kouseri, Kousseri, Kuseri, Msər. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, B, B.1, Kotoko Proper, South.
Mubako
[muo] North West region: Mezam division, Santa subdivision, Baligham village; Ngo-Ketunjia division, Balikumbat subdivision, Baligashu, Baligansin, and Balikumbat villages on Ndop plain. Users: 39,500 in Cameroon (2005 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Daganonga, Daganyonga, Mumbake, Ndagam, Nyong, Nyongnepa, Samba Bali. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Leko.
Mundabli
[boe] North West region: Menchum division, Fungom subdivision, 3 villages northeast of Wum. Users: 530 (Good et al 2011). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Buu, Mufu, Njan. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Yemne-Kimbi.
Mundang
[mua] Far North region: Kaélé division, Kaélé subdivision, near Chad border north and west of Kaélé; North region: Bénoué division, south of Mayo-Kebi near Chad border. Users: 44,700 in Cameroon (1982 SIL). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Kaele, Marhay, Moundan, Moundang, Musemban, Nda, záá múndàŋ. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Mbum-Day, Mbum, Northern, Tupuri-Mambai.
Mundani
[mnf] South West region: Manyu division, north Fontem and Mamfe subdivisions south of Batibo town. Users: 34,000 (1987 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Autonym: ndɨ̧ Mundàni. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Momo.
Mungaka
[mhk] North West region: Mezam division, Bali subdivision; West region: Bamboutos division, southeast Galim subdivision; Mifi division, north Bafoussam subdivision. Users: 152,000 (2021 Joshua Project). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bali, Li, Munga’ka, Nga’ka, Ngaaka. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nun.
Mungbam
[mij] North West region: Menchum division, Wum subdivision, Abar, Biya, Missong, Munken, and Ngun villages. Users: 1,850 (Good et al 2011). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Abar. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Yemne-Kimbi.
Musey
[mse] Far North region: Mayo-Danay division, east of Guere on Chad border. Users: 50,000 in Cameroon (2005 SIL). Based on the actual population of the subdivisions where the Musey people are present as of the 2005 census (2014 C. Hamm). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Bananna, Bananna Ho, Ho, Mosi, Moussei, Moussey, Musaya, Musei, Museyna, Musiina, Musoi, Mussoi, Mussoy. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Masa.
Musgu
[mug] Far North region: Mayo-Danay division, Maga subdivision. Users: 140,000 in Cameroon (2005 SIL). Based on the actual population of the sub-divisions where the Musgu people are present, as of the 2005 census (2014 C. Hamm). Total users in all countries: 164,400. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Mousgou, Mousgoum, Mousgoun, Munjuk, Musgum, Musuk, Muzuk. Autonym: Mulwi. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, B, B.2.
Muyang
[muy] Far North region: Mayo-Sava division, Gouadagouada, Mougouba, Muyang, and Palbara massifs northeast of Tokombéré. Users: 30,000 (2007 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Mouyenge, Mouyengue, Muyenge, Myau, Myenge. Autonym: ma Muyaŋ. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.5.
Naami
[bzv] North West region: Donga-Mantung division, Misaje subdivision, Bebe-Jama and Bebe-Jatto villages west of Nkambe, north of Ring Road. Users: 3,550 (2008 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bebe, Yi Be Wu. Autonym: Naami. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Beboid.
Nagumi
[ngv] North region: Bénoué division. Users: No known L1 speakers. Last known speakers survived into the 1980s (1983 Atlas Linguistique du Cameroun). Status: 10 (Extinct). Alternate Names: Bama, Gong, Mbama, Ngong, Puuri. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Jarawan, Cameroon.
Naki
[mff] North West region: Menchum division, Furu-Awa subdivision, Nse chiefdom, Bukpang II, Lebo, Mashi, Mekaf, and Small Mekaf villages. Users: 3,000 (Breton 1993). 300 in Nse chiefdom. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bunaki, Diokpang, Munkaf, Njeyibah, Nkap. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Beboid.
Nchane
[ncr] North West region: Donga-Mantung division, Misaje subdivision, Bem, Chunge, Kibbo, Nfume, and Nkanchi villages west of Nkambe; Menchum division, Bum subdivision, Mungong. Users: 13,200 (2008 Misaje Council). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Cane, Ncane, Nchaney, Nchanti, Ntshanti. Autonym: Nchane. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Beboid.
Ndai
[gke] North region: Mayo-Rey division, Tcholliré. Users: 5 (Ayotte and Ayotte 2002). Ethnic population: 50 (Ayotte and Ayotte 2002). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Galke, Pormi. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Mbum-Day, Mbum, Northern, Dama-Galke.
Nda’nda’
[nnz] Littoral region: Nkam division; West region: Mifi and Ndé divisions straddling Upper Nkam east of Bana. Users: 10,000 (1990 SIL). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bamileke-Nda’nda’, Bangwa. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Bamileke.
Ndemli
[nml] Littoral region: Nkam division, east Yabassi subdivision, to Bandem river; Nkondjock subdivision, Mbang district; Yingui subdivision, north of Yingui. Users: 10,000 (Ngoran 1999). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bandem, Bayong, Ndemba. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Ndemli.
Ndoola
[ndr] Adamawa region: Faro-and-Déo division, south Mayo-Baléo subdivision, Dodeo village near Nigeria border on upper Mayo-Déo river; North West region: Donga-Mantung division, north of Nkambe. Users: 2,120 in Cameroon (2000). 3 elderly speakers in Dodeo dialect (2014 SIL). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Ndoro, Njoyame, Nundoro. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Northern, Mambiloid, Ndoro.
Ngamambo
[nbv] North West region: Mezam division, Santa subdivision, Bafuchu and Nja village areas; Momo division, east Batibo and east and southeast Mbengwi subdivisions. Users: 108,000 (2013 CABTAL). 8,000 Ngamambo and 100,000 Moghamo (2013 CABTAL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bafuchu, Banja, Mbu, Mungyen, Nga, Ngembo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Momo.
Ngambay
[sba] North region: Bénoué division, Garoua; Mayo-Rey division, Mandingring and Rey-Bouba subdivisions, Chad border area east of Tcholliré; all along route to Garoua. Users: 57,000 in Cameroon (2005 SIL). Based on the actual population of the subdivisions where the Ngambay people are present, as of the official 2005 census (2014 C. Hamm). Status: 5* (Dispersed). Alternate Names: Gamb-Lai, Gamba, Gambai, Gambaye, Ngambai, Sara, Sara Ngambai. Classification: Nilo-Saharan, Satellite-Core, Satellites, Central Sudanic, West, Bongo-Bagirmi, Sara-Bagirmi, Sara, Sara Proper.
Ngemba
[nge] North West region: Mezam division, Bamenda and Tuba subdivisions. Users: 18,800 (2002 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Ba-Ndom, Megimba, Mogimba, Mundum, Ngomba, Nguemba. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Ngemba.
Ngie
[ngj] North West region: Momo division, west Mbengwi subdivision, Andek area. Users: 37,000 (2001 SIL), increasing. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Angie, Baminge, Baninge, Mingi, Ngi, Ugie. Autonym: Ungie. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Momo.
Ngiemboon
[nnh] West region: Bamboutos division, Batcham subdivision and west Mbouda subdivision in Balatchi; Menoua division, north of Penka-Michel. Users: 250,000 (2000 CABTAL), increasing. 80,000 monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bamileke-Ngiemboon, Bamileke-Ngyemboon, Nguemba, Ngyemboon. Autonym: Shwoge. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Bamileke.
Ngomba
[jgo] West region: Bamboutos division, south Mbouda subdivision, southeast of Mbouda, 5 villages, each a separate dialect. Users: 63,000 (1999 SIL), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bamileke-Ngomba, Nda’a, Ndaa, Sẅíŋɛ́-Mbɔ́ndaa, Ŋgɔmba. Autonym: Cú-Mbɔ́ndaa, Cú-Ŋgɔmbaa. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Bamileke.
Ngombale
[nla] West region: Bamboutos division, north Mbouda subdivision, northwest of Mbouda. Users: 53,500 (2005 SIL), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bamileke-Ngombale. Autonym: Ngombale. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Bamileke.
Ngoshie
[nsh] North West region: Momo division, east Njikwa subdivision. Users: 9,200 (2001 SIL). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Mise, Ngishe, Oshie. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Momo.
Ngwe
[nwe] South West region: Lebialem division, west of Dschang town. Users: 73,200 (2001 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bamileke-Ngwe, Fomopea, Fontem, Nwe, Nweh. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Bamileke.
Ngwo
[ngn] North West region: Momo division, Njikwa subdivision. Users: 22,000 (2004 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Engwo, Ngwaw. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Momo.
Nimbari
[nmr] North region: Bénoué and Mayo-Louti divisions, Badjire, Gorimbari, and Padjara-Djabi villages. Users: No known L1 speakers. The last speakers probably died by the 1930s (Sommer 1992). Ethnic population: 130. Status: 9 (Dormant). Alternate Names: Bari, Niam-Niam, Niamniam, Nimbari-Kebi, Nyam-Nyam du Mayo-Kebi, Nyamnyam. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Nimbari.
Nizaa
[sgi] Adamawa region: Faro-and-Déo division, Galim area southwest of Tignère; Mayo-Banyo division, north Banyo subdivision, Sambolabbo area. Users: 10,000 (1985). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Baghap, Galim, Ssuga, Suga, “Jemjem” (pej.), “Njemnjem” (pej.), “Nyamnyam” (pej.), “Nyemnyem” (pej.). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Northern, Mambiloid, Suga-Vute, Suga.
Njen
[njj] North West region: Momo division, Njen village southeast of Batibo town. Users: 1,800 (2002 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Nen, Nyen, Nzin. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Momo.
Njyem
[njy] East region: Upper Nyong division, Ngoila subdivision. Users: 4,400 in Cameroon (2005 SIL). Based on the actual population of the subdivision where the Njyem people are present, as of the official 2005 census (2014 C. Hamm). 3,750 monolinguals. Total users in all countries: 7,900. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Djem, Dzem, Ndjem, Ndjeme, Ndzem, Ngyeme, Njeme, Njém, Nyem, Zimu. Autonym: Njyem. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Makaa-Njem (A.84).
Nkongho
[nkc] Littoral region: Moungo division; South West region: Koupé-Manengouba division, Nguti subdivision. Users: 2,230 (2000). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Kinkwa, Lekongo, Upper Mbo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Lundu-Balong (A.151).
Nomaande
[lem] Centre region: Mbam-and-Inoubou division, west and north Bokito subdivision; Littoral region: Sanaga-Maritime division, small area, eastern border. Users: 6,000 (1982 SIL), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Lemande, Maande, Mande, Mandi, Nɔmaántɛ́, Noomaante, Numaand, Numand, Pimenc. Autonym: Nɔmaándɛ́. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Basaa (A.46).
Noone
[nhu] North West region: Bui division, northwest Kumbo subdivision. Users: 40,000 (2005 SIL). Based on actual population of the sub-divisions where the Noone people are present as of the 2005 census (2014 C. Hamm). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Noni. Autonym: Nooni. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Beboid.
Nubaca
[baf] Centre region: Mbam-and-Inoubou division, Bokito subdivision, Yangben canton, Bongo village, 8 quartiers south of Yangben: Buaya, Bupili, Buyatolo, Gafogo, Galala, Ganok, Nikoss, and Puéméné. Users: 4,500 (2007 SIL). No monolinguals. Ethnic population: 5,000. Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Baca, Bongo, Nu Baca, Southern Yambassa, Yambassa. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Sanaga (A.621).
Nugunu
[yas] Centre region: Mbam-and-Inoubou division, Bokito and Ombessa subdivisions, Ombessa area southwest. Users: 35,000 (1987 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Behie, Beke, Gounou, Gunu, Nu Gunu, Ombessa, Yambasa, Yambassa. Autonym: Nugunu. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Sanaga (A.622).
Nyokon
[nvo] Centre region: Mbam-and-Inoubou division, Makénéné subdivision, Nyokon. Users: 3,900 (Guthrie and Tucker 1956). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Fung, Hung, Ni Nyo’o, Nyo’on. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Basaa (A.45).
Nzakambay
[nzy] North region: Mayo-Rey division, Touboro subdivision, Touboro area. Users: 13,000 in Cameroon (2000). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Mbay, Nzak Mbai, Nzak Mbay, Nzakmbay. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Mbum-Day, Mbum, Eastern Mbum, Karang.
Nzanyi
[nja] North region: Mayo-Louti division, Mayo-Oulo subdivision, Doumo area, west of Dourbeye near Nigeria border. Users: 9,000 in Cameroon. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Jeng, Kobochi, Kobotshi, Mzangyim, Njai, Njanyi, Njegn, Njei, Njeng, Njeny, Nzangi, Zani, Zany. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.8.
Oblo
[obl] North region: Bénoué division, Pitoa subdivision, Gobtikéré, Ouro Badjouma, Ouro Bé areas. Users: Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Unclassified.
Oku
[oku] North West region: Bui division, west Jakiri subdivision, Lake Oku and Mount Oku areas. Users: 87,000 (2005 SIL). Based on the actual population of the subdivision where the Oku people are present, as of the official 2005 census (2014 C. Hamm). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bvukoo, Ebkuo, Ekpwo, Kuo, Ukfwo, Uku. Autonym: Əblam Əbkuo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Ring, Center.
Oroko
[bdu] South West region: Meme division, all but east edge of Konye subdivision, southwest corner of Kumba subdivision, north two-thirds of Mbonge subdivision; Ndian division, Dikome Balue subdivision, most of Ekondo-Titi subdivision, most of Mundemba subdivision, except eastern edge. Users: 106,000 (2000). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bakundu-Balue, Oroko-East, Oroko-West. Autonym: Oroko. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Lundu-Balong (A.11).
Osatu
[ost] South West region: Manyu division, Akwaya subdivision, southeast of Asumbo. Users: 400 (2002 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ihatum, Ossatu. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid.
Pam
[pmn] North region: Mayo-Rey division, south of Tcholliré. Users: 30 (Ayotte and Ayotte 2002). Ethnic population: 65 (Ayotte and Ayotte 2002). Status: 8a (Moribund). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Mbum-Day, Mbum, Unclassified.
Pana
[pnz] North region: Mayo-Rey division, Touboro subdivision. Some urban areas. Users: 2,980 in Cameroon (2000), increasing. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Pani. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Mbum-Day, Mbum, Eastern Mbum, Karang.
Parkwa
[pbi] Far North region: Mayo-Sava division, Mora subdivision, west and southwest of Mora. Users: 30,000 (1993 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Gwadi Parekwa, Kudala, Padogo, Padoko, Padokwa, Paduko, Parekwa, Pawdawkwa, Podogo, Podoko, Podokwa, Podokwo. Autonym: Gwaɗi Parəkwa. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.4, Mandara Proper, Podoko.
Pere
[pfe] Adamawa region: northwest Tignère subdivision between Tignère and Nigeria border, Faro-and-Déo division; Mayo-Banyo division northeast of Banyo. Users: 50,000 in Cameroon (2017 UBS). Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Kotpojo, Patapori, Peer, Peere, Potopore, “Koutin” (pej.), “Koutine” (pej.), “Kutin” (pej.), “Kutine” (pej.). Autonym: Pɛrɛ. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Duru, Voko-Dowayo, Kutin.
Pévé
[lme] North region: Mayo-Rey division, northeast of Tchollire, Bouba-Ndjida Park area. Users: 5,720 in Cameroon (2000). Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Lamé, Peve, “Ka’do” (pej.). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Masa.
Pidgin, Cameroon
[wes] Primarily South West and North West regions; Centre and Littoral regions; Douala, Yaoundé, and other urban centers. Users: 12,000,000 (Ayafor and Green 2017), all users. Status: 3 (Wider communication). Originated along the West Coast of Africa from Sierra Leone through Nigeria to Cameroon around 1800 and was used as a trade language between 1800 and 1884. Later used in market, prisons, playground, school campuses, and political campaigns. Now the most widespread lingua franca in Cameroon, used by about half the population (Todd and Mühlhäusler 1978). Also used in spoken media. Alternate Names: CPE, Cameroon Creole, Cameroon Creole English, Cameroonian Creole, Kamtok, Wes Cos, “Bush English” (pej.). Autonym: Pidgin. Classification: Creole, English based, Atlantic, Krio.
Pinyin
[pny] North West region: Mezam division, southwest Bamenda subdivision, southwest of Bamenda. Users: 24,600 (2001 SIL), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bapinyi, Menka, Pelimpo. Autonym: Àshwəŋnə̀ Pìnyinə. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Ngemba.
Pol
[pmm] East region: Lom-and-Djerem division, east of Bélabo; northeast of Banyo; Upper Nyong division, Dimako subdivision, east of Doumé. Users: 38,700 in Cameroon (2000). Total users in all countries: 44,130. Status: 6a* (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Congo Pol, Pomo, Pori, Pul, Pólrì. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Kaka (A.92).
Psikye
[kvj] Far North region: Mayo-Tsanaga division, southwest Mokolo subdivision. Users: 40,500 in Cameroon (1982 SIL). Total users in all countries: 52,500. Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Kamsiki, Kapsiki, Ptsake. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.3.
Samba Leko
[ndi] North region: Faro division, south Beka subdivision along Nigeria border, between Tchamba and Mayo-Louti river west of Poli. Users: Status: 5* (Developing). Alternate Names: Chamba Leeko, Samba. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Leko.
Sari
[asj] North West region: Donga-Mantung division, Misaje subdivision, Akweto, Kamine, and Mbissa villages on Ring Road between Misaje and Nkambe. Users: 7,600 (2008 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Akweto, Nsari, Pesaa, Saari, Sali. Autonym: Sari. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Beboid.
Sharwa
[swq] Far North region: Mayo-Tsanaga division, south Bourrah subdivision; North region: Mayo-Louti division. Users: 5,100 (2000 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Sarwaye, Sherwin, Tchevi. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.8.
Supapya
[bbw] North West region: Ngo-Ketunjia division, Babessi subdivision on Ndop plain, Baba village. Users: 24,500 (2005 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Baba, Baba I, Bapa, Bapakum, Papia, Papiak, Papiakum, Supapyak’. Autonym: Súpǎpyāˀ. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nun.
Swo
[sox] Centre region: Nyong-and-Mfoumou division, Akonolinga subdivision, Emvane and Melan cantons; East region: Upper Nyong division. Users: 9,000 (1992 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Fo, Shwo, Sso, Sô. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Makaa-Njem (A.82).
Tibea
[ngy] Centre region: Mbam-and-Inoubou division, extreme north Ngoro subdivision, northeast of Bafia, 3 villages. Users: 1,400 (1992 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Djanti, Minjanti, Ngayaba, Njanti, Nyabea, Zangnte. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Bafia (A.54).
Tikar
[tik] Adamawa region: Mayo-Banyo division, Bankim subdivision; Centre region: Mbam-and-Kim division, Ngambe-Tikar subdivision, scattered over northwest Yoko and northeast of Foumban; North West region: Donga-Mantung division, small border area; West region: Noun division, Magba subdivision. Users: 110,000 (2005 SIL). Based on the actual population of the subdivisions where the Tikar people are present, as of the official 2005 census (2014 C. Hamm). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Tikali, Tikar-East, Tikari, Tingkala. Autonym: lɛ̀ʼ Tikarì. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Tikar.
Tiv
[tiv] South West region: Manyu division, Njobo village on Nigeria border. Users: Few in Cameroon. Status: 5* (Dispersed). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid.
To
[toz] North region: Mayo-Rey division, Touboro subdivision. Users: No known L1 speakers in Cameroon. Ethnic population: No ethnic community. Total users in all countries: none known. Status: 9 (Second language only). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Mbum-Day, Mbum, Unclassified.
Tsuvan
[tsh] Far North region: Mayo-Tsanaga division, southeast Bourrha subdivision, Tchevi village, 5 quartiers found in an area 10 km in diameter northeast of Dourbeye; some in North region: Mayo-Louti division. Users: 2,300 (2000 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Matsuvan, Motsuvan, Tchede, Telaki, Teleki, Terki. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.8.
Tuki
[bag] Centre region: Mbam-and-Inoubou division, on Sanaga river north of Saa; north of Sanaga river between Ombessa and Ntui; a few villages in Mbam-and-Kim division. Users: 26,000 (1982 SIL), increasing. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Bacenga, Baki, Batchenga, Betsinga, Betzinga, Ki, Oki, Osa Nanga, Sanaga. Autonym: Tukí. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Sanaga (A.601).
Tunen
[tvu] Centre region: Mbam-and-Inoubou division, Makénéné and Ndikinimeki subdivisions; Littoral region: Nkam division, Yingui subdivision. Users: 40,000 (1997 J. Mbongue). Ethnic population: 100,000 (1997 J. Mbongue). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Banen, Banend, Nen, Penin, Penyin. Autonym: Tunen. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Basaa (A.44).
Tuotomb
[ttf] Centre region: Mbam-and-Inoubou division, Bafia subdivision, Ndikinemeki area, Bonek village. Users: 1,000 (Dieu and Renaud 1983). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bonek, Otomb, Ponek, Tuotom, Tuotomp. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Basaa (A.461).
Tupuri
[tui] Far North region: Kaélé division, southeast Moulvouday plain east of Kaélé; Mayo-Danay division, Kar-Hay subdivision. Users: 130,000 in Cameroon (2005 SIL). Based on the actual population of the subdivision where the Tupuri people are present, as of the official 2005 census (2014 C. Hamm). Total users in all countries: 321,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Dema, Honya, Mata, Ndoore, Ndore, Tongoyna, Toubouri, Toupouri, Tpuri, Tuburi, Wina, jäāk Tpür, jäāk Tüpür. Autonym: jäāk Tüpürï. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, North, Adamawa-Ubangi, Adamawa, Mbum-Day, Mbum, Northern, Tupuri-Mambai.
Twendi
[twn] Adamawa region: Mayo-Banyo division, Sanga village north of Bankim. Users: 30 (2000 B. Connell). Ethnic population: 1,000 (1991 SIL). Status: 8a (Moribund). Alternate Names: Cambap. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Northern, Mambiloid, Mambila-Konja, Konja.
Usaghade
[usk] South West region: Ndian division, Isanguele subdivision, near the coast. Users: 10,000 in Cameroon (1990 B. Connell). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Isangele, Usakade, Usakedet. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Usaghade.
Vame
[mlr] Far North region: Mayo-Sava division, Mora and Tokombéré subdivisions, southern Mora massif south of Mora. Users: 8,500 (1992 SIL). Few monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Maslava, Pelasla, Pǝlasla. Autonym: Vamé. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.5.
Vemgo-Mabas
[vem] Far North region: Mayo-Tsanaga division, Mabas village on Nigeria border northwest of Mokolo. Users: 1,000 in Cameroon (Hamm 2004a). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.4, Lamang.
Vengo
[bav] North West region: Ngo Ketunjia division, Ndop subdivision, Babungo village north of Ndop on Ndop plain. Users: 27,000 (2008 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Babungo, Nge, Ngo, Nguu, Ngwa, Pengo, Vengi, Vengoo. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Ring, South.
Vute
[vut] Adamawa region: Djerem and Mayo-Banyo divisions near Banyo and Tibati; Centre region: northeast Mbam division; Upper Sanaga division, near Nanga-Eboko and Mbandjok; East region: western Lom-and-Djerem division. Users: 20,000 in Cameroon (1997 L. Lode). 300 in Banyo (1995 B. Connell). Total users in all countries: 21,000. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: ’Abotee, ’Abwetee, Baboute, Bamboute, Boute, Bubure, Bule, Bute, Foute, Luvure, Nbule, Pute, Voute, Voutere, Woute, Wute, nyindi vɨtèé. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Northern, Mambiloid, Suga-Vute, Vute.
Wandala
[mfi] Far North region: Mayo-Sava division, east of Mora, north and northwest in a semicircle, to Nigeria border. Users: 23,500 in Cameroon (1982 SIL). Total users in all countries: 43,500. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Mandara, Mandara Montagnard, Ndara. Autonym: Wandala. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.4, Mandara Proper, Mandara.
Wawa
[www] Adamawa region: Mayo-Banyo division, Bankim subdivision, 9 villages: Dembesse, Gandoua, Gaoula, Kassala, Mbassewa, Mbenguedje, Ndi, Oumyari, and Yabam west of Banyo. Users: 3,000 (1991 SIL). 700 in Gandoua dialect (2014 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Northern, Mambiloid, Suga-Vute, Vute.
Weh
[weh] North West region: Menchum division, Wum Central subdivision, Weh village. Users: 8,000 (1993 SIL), increasing. Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Kɨ́wí, Wi. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Ring, West.
Wumboko
[bqm] South West region: Fako division, Buéa subdivision; Meme division, Kumba subdivision. Users: 4,000 (2000). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Bamboko, Bambuku, Bomboko, Bumboko, Mboko, Womboko. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Duala (A.21).
Wushi
[bse] North West region: Ngo Ketunjia division, Babessi subdivision, Babessi village east of Ndop. Users: 25,000 (2008 SIL). Status: 6a (Vigorous). Alternate Names: Babessi, Cho’ Wushike, Pesii, Sii, Vesi. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Ring, South.
Wuzlam
[udl] Far North region: Mayo-Sava division, Tokombéré subdivision, Wuzlam massif south of Mora. Users: 10,500 (1982 SIL), increasing. Very few monolinguals. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Mizlime, Ouldeme, Udlam, Uldeme, Uzam, Uzlam. Autonym: Wuzlam. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.5.
Yamba
[yam] North West region: Donga-Mantung division, Central Nwa subdivision; plains east of Nwa, Nkongsamba, Bafia. Seasonal immigrants in Mambila plateau, Nigeria. Users: 80,000 in Cameroon (2000), increasing, including those living outside the area. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Bebaroe, Boenga Ko, Kakayamba, Mbem, Mbubem, Muzok, Swe’nga, “Kaka” (pej.). Autonym: Yamba. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nkambe.
Yambeta
[yat] Centre region: Mbam-and-Inoubou division, north Kon-Yambeta subdivision northwest of Bafia town. Users: 3,700 (1982 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Njambeta, Yambetta. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Basaa (A.462).
Yangben
[yav] Centre region: Mbam-and-Inoubou division, Bokito subdivision, Yangben canton south of Bokito town. Users: 2,300 (1994 SIL). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Central Yambassa, Kalɔŋ, Nuasue, Yambasa, Yambassa. Autonym: Nuasúɛ. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Northwest, A, Sanaga (A.62).
Yemba
[ybb] South West region: Lebialem division; West region: Menoua division, Dschang area. Users: 300,000 (1992 SIL), increasing. Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Atsang-Bangwa, Bafou, Bamileke-Yemba, Dschang, Tchang. Autonym: Yemba. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Bamileke.
Yeni
[yei] Adamawa region: Nyalang area north of Mayo Darle village. Users: No known L1 speakers. Probably became extinct in the early 20th century. Status: 10 (Extinct). Classification: Unclassified.
Yukuben
[ybl] North West region: Menchum division, west of Furu-Awa, near Nigeria border. Users: 950 in Cameroon (1986 R. Breton). Status: 6b* (Threatened). Alternate Names: Ayikiben, Balaabe, Balaaben, Boritsu, Gohum, Nyikobe, Nyikuben, Uuhum, Uuhum-Gigi. Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Jukunoid, Yukuben-Kuteb.
Zhoa
[zhw] North West region: Menchum division, Fungom subdivision, 1 village. Users: 2,000 (Troyer et al 1995). Status: 6b (Threatened). Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Ring, West.
Zizilivakan
[ziz] Far North region: Mayo-Tsanaga division, Bourrah subdivision, near Nigeria border. Users: 200 in Cameroon (2010 Z. Yoder et al.). Status: 8b (Nearly extinct). Alternate Names: Fali of Jilbu, Ziliva, Ziziliveken, Àmzírív. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.8.
Zulgo-Gemzek
[gnd] Far North region: Mayo-Sava division, Tokombéré subdivision, 16 villages on east edge of Mandara mountains, north of Maroua; Some parts of Mayo-Tsanaga division. Users: 26,000 (2002 SIL). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Gemjek, Guemjek, Guemshek, Guemzek, Zoulgo. Autonym: Gemzek, Zulgo. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.5.
Zumaya
[zuy] Far North region: Diamaré division, Maroua subdivision, Ouro-Lamorde. Users: No known L1 speakers. The last speaker probably died or shifted to Fulfulde by the late 1980s. Status: 10 (Extinct). Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Chadic, Masa.